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2019版中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 27 閱讀理解（三）教案 【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】 讓學(xué)生熟知選擇型閱讀理解題型，了解選擇型閱讀理解命題目的，掌握選擇型閱讀理解答題技巧。 【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】 讓學(xué)生掌握選擇型閱讀理解解題技巧和步驟 ，提高做選擇型閱讀理解題目的能力。 【命題目的】 這類題注重考查閱讀技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具體細(xì)節(jié)、通過上下文猜測詞義、歸納篇章大意，以及推斷或理解的態(tài)度和意圖等?？忌粌H要具有準(zhǔn)確獲得信息的能力，還要具有透過文章表層意思理解文章隱含意義的能力。這樣才能抓住中心思想，做出正確的判斷。試題涉及掌握語篇主旨，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)、深層含義、推理判斷、猜測詞義等多方面的閱讀能力考查。設(shè)題通?？紤]以下五個(gè)方面。 1. 直觀性問題。直接引用原文中的語句或根據(jù)短文中原語句稍加改動(dòng)而編成。 2. 常識(shí)性問題。考查學(xué)生依據(jù)短文信息，并根據(jù)自己所具備的一般常識(shí)做出判斷的題型． 3. 理解性問題?？疾閷W(xué)生對(duì)文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)及意圖等的理解程度。 4. 推理性問題。這類題需在深刻理解短文后，再經(jīng)過推理判斷才能選出正確答案。 5. 概括性問題。要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章做出歸納、概括或評(píng)價(jià)。此類考查主旨和大意的題大多數(shù)針對(duì)段落(或短文)的主題思想，標(biāo)題或目的。 【真題例析】 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited. About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked embarrassed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at the bus stop is the first person to get on the bus . 　　Learning the language of a country isnt enough. If you want to have a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your host country. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he doesnt agree. But in many parts of India a shake of the head means agreement. Nodding (點(diǎn)頭) your head when you are given a drink in Bulgaria will most probably leave you thirsty . 　　In that country, you shake your head to mean “yes”— a nod means “no”. At a meal in countries on the Arabic Peninsula, you will find that your glass is repeated refilled as soon as you drink up. If you think that you have had enough, you should take the cup or glasses in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top. 　　In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting. Doing this in Thailand, however, could bring about trouble. Also, you should try to avoid touching the head of an adult ——it’s just not done in Thailand. ( )1. The British people tried to push the three gentlemen out of the way, because the gentlemen ______ . A. were foreigners　　　　 B. didn’t have tickets C. made a loud noise　　　 D. didn’t line up for the bus ( )2. According to the article, if you want to have a pleasant journey in a foreign country, you should _________. A. learn the language of the country B. understand the manners and customs of the country C. have enough time and money D. make friends with the people there ( )3. In India it is considered impolite ___________. A. to use the right hand for passing food at table B. to pass food with the left hand C. to eat food with your hands D. to help yourself at table ( )4. To cross ones legs at an important meeting in Europe is _______. 　A. a common habit　 B. an important manner 　C. a serious trouble 　 D. a bad manner ( )5. The best title (題目) for this article is ________. A. Peoples Everyday Life B. Mind Your Manners C. Shaking and Nodding Head　 D. Taking a Bus in England 參考答案: 1. D【解析】這是一道句子理解題，也可以看成細(xì)節(jié)題。在第一自然段的最后，有這樣的句子：No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus．從此句可知那三位先生并不知道在英國 乘車的習(xí)慣，所以答案是D。 2. B【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第二自然段的第二個(gè)句子。 3. B【解析】同第二題一樣，此題也是細(xì)節(jié)題。可在第二自然段直接找到答案。 4. A【解析】單句理解題。最后一個(gè)自然段中有說：In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when you are sitting talking to someone even at an important meeting．這個(gè)句子的意思是：在歐洲，開會(huì)時(shí)翹二郎腿是很常見的。這說明許多人有這樣的習(xí)慣，所以答案應(yīng)該是A。 5. B【解析】通讀全文就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，只學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是不夠的，還要多了解該國的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，否則就會(huì)遇到麻煩，所以答案是B。 【答題技巧】 解題步驟： 1. 通讀全文，了解文章大意。 考生只有較快地讀懂材料，抓住短文大意，獲取關(guān)鍵的信息，才能對(duì)閱讀問題做出正確的判斷。因此首先通讀全文，抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句，快速獲知文章的主旨大意。 2. 審讀問題，帶著問題找答案。 讀懂短文內(nèi)容后再審讀題目, 把握每個(gè)待判定句子的含義, 通過尋讀法在原文中找出與每個(gè)問題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞, 然后尋找關(guān)鍵詞在文章中所在的句子及段落, 依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對(duì)試題所給出的句子進(jìn)行正誤判斷。常見閱讀理解的考查方式有以下幾種形式：細(xì)節(jié)理解題；推理判斷題；詞義猜測題；主旨大意題；標(biāo)題歸納題；數(shù)字計(jì)算題。 3. 復(fù)讀文章，檢查答案正確性。 完成答題后必須將短文重讀一遍, 加深對(duì)短文的理解, 在此基礎(chǔ)上再對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行復(fù)查, 對(duì)有些似是而非的句子, 一定要重新認(rèn)真識(shí)別。 【板書設(shè)計(jì)】 【教后反思】