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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第15章 狀語(yǔ)從句 第一節(jié) 真題精析 1. Simon thought his puter was broken ____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.【05北京春】 A. until B. unless C. after D. because 2. It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.【05北京春】 A. before B. since C. after D. when 3. Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter. 【04全國(guó)】 A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 4. _____you call me to say you’re not ing, Ill see you at the theatre. 【04全國(guó)】 A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 5. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. 【04全國(guó)】 A. where B. which C. when D. that 6. Several weeks had gone by__________ I realized the painting was missing. 【04全國(guó)】 A. as B. before C. since D. when 7．We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station. 【04遼寧卷】 A．whenever B．until C．while D．wherever 8. It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester. 【04天津卷】 A. that B. until C. since D. before 9. You can eat food free in my restaurant _______you like. 【04重慶卷】 A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 10. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses _________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. 【04上海卷】 A. because B. through C. unless D. if 11．Generally speaking , according to the directions , the drug has no side effect . 【xx上?！? A．when taking B．when taken C．when to take D．when to be taken 12e and see me whenever_____.【xx北京】 A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you 13. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them again.【NMETxx】 　　A. when 　　　 B. where 　　　 C. then 　　　　 D. there 14. After the war, a new school building was put up ____there had once been a theatre. 　　A. that B. where C. which D. when 【NMET1997】 15. Why do you want a new job_____ youve got such a good one already? 【NMETxx】 A. that B. where C. which D. when 16. John plays football ______ , if not better than, David. 【MET1994】 　　A. as well　　　 B. as well as　　 C. so well　　　　 D. so well as 17. Well have to finish the job,＿＿＿＿＿. 【NMETxx】 　　A. long it takes however 　　　　　 B. it takes however long 　　C. long however it takes 　　　　　 D. however long it takes 18. ____________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 【NMET1997】 A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 19. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty, 　　great it is. 【NMET1995】 　 A. what　　　 B. how　　　　C. however　　　 D. Whatever 20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ,______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 【NMETxx】 A. which B. when C. so that D. as if 21. Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed.【NMETxx】 A．unless B．since C．a(chǎn)lthough D．when 22. Someone called up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone. 【NMETxx】 A. as B. since C. until D. before 23．—Dad , I’ve finished my assignment . —Good , and you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me . 【xx上?！? A．whenever B．whether C．whatever D．no matter 【答案與解析】 1. A該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查連詞的用法。據(jù)題意：西蒙認(rèn)為他的計(jì)算機(jī)壞了，一直到他弟弟指出他忘了開機(jī)。得知選until意為：到…為止。 2. B 該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查連詞的用法?！癐t is +時(shí)間+since…”意為“自……多少時(shí)間了”是固定句型。句意：自從上次我們見面已有五年了。 3．B 該題考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處是表示目的因此選擇B. so that。句意：玫瑰花需要特別的護(hù)理，才能過冬。 4. D該題根據(jù)交際情景考查從屬連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。從邏輯關(guān)系看say you re not ing是see you的條件。假設(shè)關(guān)系。句意：除非你打電話說你不來(lái)了，我就要在劇院見你。 5. A 該題考查where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：她的褲子在她擦手的地方有臟點(diǎn)。 6. B 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查叢屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。關(guān)鍵是主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)，表示過去只過去。因此此處選擇before指“在…時(shí)間之前”。句意：我意識(shí)到油畫丟了時(shí)，已經(jīng)過去了好幾個(gè)星期了。 7．B該題根據(jù)交際情景考查引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意：有人告訴我們說我們應(yīng)當(dāng)沿大路一直走直到走到中心火車站為止。應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇until。 8. D該題考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。據(jù)題意it是代詞，代替時(shí)間，故選before。句意：我們還沒到溫徹斯特城天就黑了。 9. A 該題考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。關(guān)鍵詞food free in my restaurant，有地點(diǎn)、方式和事物因此，此處選擇時(shí)間。句意：無(wú)論你愿什么時(shí)候來(lái)我的飯館里吃飯，都免費(fèi)。 10. A考查裝語(yǔ)從句的用法。整個(gè)句子的前后兩部分為因果關(guān)系，因此，A正確。句意：父母應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待孩子對(duì)太陽(yáng)鏡的要求，因?yàn)?，在有?yáng)光的天氣里太陽(yáng)鏡是必需的。 答案與解析 11.B 考查狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)如果與從句的主語(yǔ)相同，并有助動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以省略主語(yǔ)與be。B為正確答案。 12.C該題考查交際情景中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和形容詞convenient的使用。在whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，convenient意為：便利的, 方便的。指的是某物或者是某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說很方便，主語(yǔ)不能是人。故選C。題意：你什么時(shí)候方便，什么時(shí)候來(lái)看我。 13.B該題考查where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，將東西放在你能找到的地方。 14.B 該題考查where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。句子的題干中沒有先行詞，故是由where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……地方”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞或副詞短語(yǔ)作用。句意:戰(zhàn)后，在以前的劇院處建了一所新學(xué)校。 15.D該題考查when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。When除了作“當(dāng)...時(shí)”講，還有其他意思，例如：“如果； 然而; 既然；考慮到;”講。據(jù)題意，句中的when作“既然”講。句意：既然已經(jīng)有了一份這樣好的工作，為什么還要找新工作？又如：Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料, 為什么還要用木料? 16.B 該題考查比較狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。該題的最大的干擾是if not better than，如果將其去掉就很容易看出這是由as…as引導(dǎo)的同級(jí)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：如果說John的足球踢的不比David好，至少和他踢的一樣好。 17.D 該題考查由however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序的用法。狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序，即“however + 形容詞/副詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)”。句意：不管需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，我們都一定完成這項(xiàng)工作。 18.D該題考查由however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序的用法。狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。即 “however + 形容詞/副詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。”句意：不論他多晚回家，他母親都會(huì)等他一起用餐。 19.C 該題考查由“wh-詞+ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是great，因其是形容詞，故選however，whatever后面多接名詞。“wh-詞+ever”強(qiáng)調(diào)任意性，泛指；“wh-詞”強(qiáng)調(diào)特指。句意：如果我們?cè)诠ぷ髦杏袌?jiān)強(qiáng)的意志，不管有多大困難，我們都能克服。 20.C該題考查由so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。so that 相當(dāng)于 in order that，要根據(jù)邏輯推理he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.是前一句的目的,故用so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：John 把其他人關(guān)在廚房外，目的是能夠?yàn)橥頃?huì)烹飪出人意料的東西。 21.D 該題考查when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。據(jù)題意：如果你需要時(shí)別不敢求援。得知此處是由when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，在這里when既表示時(shí)間還表示條件，此處when含有if的意思。When還有“如果；雖然， 然而；既然；考慮到”之意。 22.D該題考查由before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。題意：有人半夜給我打電話，但是我還沒來(lái)得及接他們就掛斷了。用before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)掛斷在接電話之前發(fā)生。 23.B 考查whether引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：“爸爸，我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了?！薄昂?，你不論是玩還是看電視，你絕對(duì)不能打擾我?！? 第二節(jié) 考綱歸納 狀語(yǔ)從句(adverbial clause)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。狀語(yǔ)從句可放在句首或句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用逗號(hào)；放在句末時(shí)，從句前面往往不用逗號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它們的含義分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、讓步、條件、比較等九種。 狀語(yǔ)從句 連詞 時(shí)間 when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no sooner … than, hardly(scarcely)… when, the minute, the second, every(each) time 地點(diǎn) Where, wherever, everywhere 條件 if, unless, providing/provided that, as(so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only 原因 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鑒于) 讓步 though, although, even if(though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh詞，for all that, granting/granted, whether … or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that 比較 as…as, not the same as, not so…as, than 方式 as, as if(though) the way 目的 that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest 結(jié)果 so that, so… that, such … that, but that 一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1、while, when, whenever和as的用法比較 （1）while 常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過程，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)詞和從句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。它不能表示一時(shí)性或短暫的動(dòng)作。 Dont talk so loud while( as) others are working.別人工作時(shí)，請(qǐng)勿大聲說話。 （2）when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，可指時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，也可以指一段時(shí)間，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用終止性動(dòng)詞，也可用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。when引導(dǎo)的從句表示的具體的時(shí)間，從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作。Whenever指任何一個(gè)不具體的時(shí)間。 It was raining when we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)，天正下著雨。（動(dòng)作同時(shí)，指時(shí)間點(diǎn)） When you read the poem a second time, the meaning will bee clearer to you.當(dāng)你再讀一遍這首詩(shī)，你就更清晰它的含意。（動(dòng)作有先后，指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，不能用while） e whenever you like. 你愛什么時(shí)候來(lái)就什么時(shí)候來(lái)。 （3）as 用as時(shí)主句和從句的動(dòng)作往往同時(shí)發(fā)生，具有延伸意義，一般同延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，有時(shí)可譯作“一邊…一邊…”。 As time went on, his theory proved to be correct.隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的理論被證明是正確的。 As（when）he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.他講話結(jié)束的時(shí)候，聽眾掌聲雷動(dòng)。（指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間不能用while） 2、名詞詞組引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 有時(shí)名詞every time(每次)，the next time(下一次)，the next day(第二天)，the moment(一……就……)， the instant, the second, the year等，也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回來(lái)，都把鞋子丟在地板上。 3、副詞作連詞用引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 有些副詞如instantly, immediately，instantly，directly, presently等也可起從屬連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"一……就……"的意思。 I recognized her instantly I saw her.我一看見她就把她認(rèn)出來(lái)了。 4、since和before的用法比較 兩者均可用于"It+ be...+since/before-從句"的句型。區(qū)別在于since表示“自從……以來(lái)”，所在主、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系是:It is/has been sometime since sb. did sth.。而before的含義是 “(過了多久)才……”，主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系是:It was/had been some time before sb. did sth.。表過去和將來(lái)時(shí)，兩者相應(yīng)的句型分別是:It was some time since sb. had done sth.和It will be some time before sb. does sth. It is 30 years since he joined the revolution. 他參加革命己三十年了。 It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回來(lái)。 It was not long before he came back. 不久他就會(huì)來(lái)了。 二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由where(在……地方; 那里)，wherever(無(wú)論哪里)和everywhere(在……每一個(gè)地方)引導(dǎo)。 After the war, a new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre. 戰(zhàn)后，一所新學(xué)校在以前的劇院處建成。 You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)養(yǎng)成慣例，將東西放在你能找到的地方。 She found her calculator where she lost it. 他在她丟的地方找到了計(jì)算器。 Everywhere they went, the distinguished guests were warmly weled.貴賓每到一處都受到了熱烈的歡迎。 注意：where除了表示地點(diǎn)外，還可以表示條件、對(duì)比和讓步。 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。（條件） We want to stay at home, where children would rather spend the holiday in the country.我們想留在家里，而孩子們卻愿到鄉(xiāng)間度假。（對(duì)比） Wherever I went, the dog followed me. 無(wú)論我走到哪里，這只狗總跟著我。（讓步） 三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句 原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般由because(因?yàn)?，since(既然)，as(由于)，now that(既然，因?yàn)?等連詞引導(dǎo) 1、because, since, as, for和now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 （1）because 表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，常表示必然的因果關(guān)系?；卮鹨詗hy引起的特殊疑問句，只能用because。 Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因?yàn)樘煜掠?，所以詹穿著雨衣? （2）since 表示對(duì)方已經(jīng)知曉、無(wú)須加以說明的原因或事實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比because稍弱。 Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我來(lái)替你做吧。 Since you insist, Ill go.既然你堅(jiān)持，那我就去。 （3）as 表示的往往是十分明顯的原因，聽者或讀者已經(jīng)知道或能看得出來(lái)，語(yǔ)氣較弱，只附帶說明，比較口語(yǔ)化。 We had better hurry as its getting dark.因?yàn)樘炜煲诹耍覀冏詈每禳c(diǎn)。 As you object, Ill change the plan.由于你反對(duì)，我將改變計(jì)劃。 （4）for for是并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用來(lái)附帶解釋或說明前面一句的情況。for引導(dǎo)的分句常位于第一分句之后，它們之間用逗號(hào)隔開。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚準(zhǔn)是下雨了，今天早上地面還是濕的。 The day breaks, for the birds are singing.小鳥在歌唱，一定是天亮了。 （5）now that 意為"既然"，與since同義，但更突出事實(shí)本身。 Now that everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都來(lái)了，我們就開始開會(huì)吧。 Now that I am well again, I can go on with my work.我既然恢復(fù)了健康，那就可以繼續(xù)工作了。 2、seeing that, considering that和in that引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 這幾個(gè)連詞同since, as 近義，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)，原因”是之意。 Considering that hes only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.鑒于他只學(xué)了一年， 他英語(yǔ)講得就是很好。 Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.鑒于他病情嚴(yán)重，他們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。 In that she is ill, she feels unable to do it.因?yàn)椴×?，她覺得不能做那件事。 3、not that…but that…引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句 這是一種加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的表示原因的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不是因?yàn)椋且驗(yàn)椤? Not that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因?yàn)槲也幌矚g這部電影，而是因?yàn)槲覜]時(shí)間看。 The soldiers essential honor was not that he killed his enemy, but that he was willing to die.軍人的真正光榮不是殺敵，而是不惜犧牲。 四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句 1、that，so that，in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句由that，so that，in order that等引導(dǎo)。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 約翰把其他人關(guān)在廚房外，目的是能夠?yàn)橥頃?huì)烹飪出人意料的東西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 這些人甘冒生命危險(xiǎn)，是為了讓我們活得更安全些。 2、lest, for fear that和in case引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句 這三個(gè)連詞詞組的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的從句一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但有時(shí)也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得順著她，免得她生氣。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太陽(yáng)很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1、so that，so…that, such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在講英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家里生活太難了，因此我決定學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 He worked hard so that he passed the exam. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，結(jié)果通過了考試。 He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.他講了那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，人們開始打起瞌睡了。 2、so…that與such…that的區(qū)別 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。so是副詞，后接形容詞或副詞；such是形容詞，后接名詞。 （1）單數(shù)名詞 在so...that與such...that中間出現(xiàn)的是單數(shù)名詞，且該名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可互換，但要注意它們的詞序不同:such+ a/an+形容詞十名詞=so+形容詞+a/an+名詞。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老師，我們都敬愛她。 （2）不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 如果被修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一般須用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他進(jìn)步很快，不久就開始用英語(yǔ)寫文章。(不可數(shù)名詞) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.這些書是那么有趣以致我們都想讀一讀。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞) （3）名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時(shí) 如果不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有many，much，little，few修飾時(shí)，則用so…that。 Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一塊紫一塊的。(復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞) George had so little money that he had to get a job.喬治沒有錢，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可數(shù)名詞) They are such little children that they cant do anything.他們是小孩,什么事情都干不了。 教你巧學(xué)巧記: 名前such，形、副so， 多多少少也用so。 little屬特殊， “小”用such，“少”用so。 3、如何判斷so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 （1）當(dāng)表達(dá)的含義是“為了”、“以便”時(shí)，為目的狀語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)表達(dá)的是“以至于”、“因此”含義時(shí)，為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 If you do know, answer in a loud enough voice so that all the class may hear.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)如果你的確知道，應(yīng)大聲回答，以便讓全班學(xué)生都可以聽見。 It rained hard the day before yesterday, so that she had to stay at home.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)前天雨下得很大，因此她只好呆在家里。 （2）當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等時(shí)，是目的狀語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)從句里沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（過去時(shí)）、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 We stopped at Salt Lake City so that we could(might)visit the monument to seagulls. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)我們?cè)邴}湖城逗留，以便可以參觀為海鷗修的紀(jì)念碑。 They have walked a long way, so that we are all tired. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)他們走了很長(zhǎng)的路，所以都很累。 （3）當(dāng)從句之前的so that可用in order that代替時(shí)，是目的狀語(yǔ)從句；反之，是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 We now study hard so that we may work well in the future.(=We now study hard in order that we may work well in the future. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)我們現(xiàn)在努力學(xué)習(xí)是為了將來(lái)更好地工作。 (4)當(dāng)so that之前有逗號(hào)時(shí)，是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；反之，是目的狀語(yǔ)從句 The story is very interesting, so that I like it very much.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)這部小說很有趣，因而我非常喜歡。 六、比較狀語(yǔ)從句 比較狀語(yǔ)從句一般由as…as(和一樣)，not as/so…as(與……不一樣)，than(比),the more…, the more…(越……越……)引導(dǎo)。 The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.導(dǎo)師給我的提議比給狄克的好。 In recent years travel panies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, the better our holiday will be.近幾年旅游公司已成功地對(duì)我們公眾宣傳了去得越遠(yuǎn)，假日越好的觀點(diǎn)。 John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. 如果說約翰的足球踢的不比大衛(wèi)好，至少和他踢的一樣好。 I cant run as/so fast as he can. 我不能跑得他那樣快。 教你巧學(xué)巧記: Than后面的代詞是用主格還是用賓格? 下列兩句中，than分別用了I和me，兩者都正確： ①She is older than me.(口語(yǔ)中常用) ②She is older than I(am)(較正式文體常用) 但是，在有些句子中，用主格和用賓格，句子會(huì)截然不同。 ①John likes Henry more than I. ②John likes Henry more than me. 我們知道，than用作連詞，它的后面省略了一個(gè)比較(方式)狀語(yǔ)從句。現(xiàn)在我們把以上兩句補(bǔ)充完整。 ①John likes Henry more than I like Henry. ②John likes Henry more than he likes me. 看得出，第一句的意思是：約翰比我更喜歡亨利。第二句的意思是：約翰喜歡亨利勝過喜歡我。那么，在什么情況下，than后面的人稱代詞用主格？什么情況下用賓格？ 一、如果主句謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞，than后面的人稱代詞用主格或賓格均可，且意義無(wú)區(qū)別。例如： She draws better than I(me).它畫得比我好。 要注意：如果人稱代詞后面有all時(shí)，人稱代詞一般用賓格。 She draws better than them all. 二、如果主句謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞，且than后面的名詞或代詞又與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，than后面的人稱代詞只能用主格。例如： He loves the dog more than his wife does. 他比他的妻子更愛這條狗。 三、如果主句謂語(yǔ)是連系動(dòng)詞be, than后面的人稱代詞用主格或賓格均可，且意義無(wú)區(qū)別。例如： He is taller than I(me).他比我長(zhǎng)得高。 四、如果主句謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞，特別是like, love, hate等及物動(dòng)詞，than后面的人稱代詞用用主格或賓格均可， 但句意不同。邏輯上，這些及物動(dòng)詞既能與人稱代詞構(gòu)成“主謂關(guān)系”，又能構(gòu)成“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”。因此，用主格時(shí)，后面省去了主句中的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)；用賓格時(shí)省去了句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。例如： I like the boy better than she.=I like the boy better than she likes the boy. 我比她更喜歡那個(gè)男孩。 I like the boy better than her.=I like the boy better than I like her. 我喜歡那個(gè)男孩勝過喜歡她。 七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh詞，等引導(dǎo)。 1、even if, even though, although，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 這四個(gè)詞（詞組）都有“雖然、即使、盡管”的意思。even if和even though帶有較強(qiáng)的意味，語(yǔ)氣比although和though強(qiáng)。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but連用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless連用?？梢苑旁谥骶淝懊嬉部梢苑旁谥骶浜竺?。even if，even though所接的句子常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 We wouldnt give up even if we should fail ten times.即使是我們失敗十次，我們也不會(huì)放棄。 He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy．盡管他很忙，他可能給了你更多的幫助。 2、as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 形容詞 + as/though+ 主與+謂語(yǔ) 副詞 動(dòng)詞 分詞 名詞 （1）由as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序 Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.這些貴族盡管很傲慢，他們卻害怕見我。 （2）如果表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，這個(gè)名詞不帶冠詞 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good mand of English.她雖然只是個(gè)12歲的女孩，但是她已經(jīng)熟知英語(yǔ)。 Child as he is，he knows a lot.雖然他還是個(gè)孩子，卻懂的很多。 (3)如果句中謂語(yǔ)包含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，則將實(shí)意動(dòng)詞放在as之前 Try as I might，I couldnt lift the stone.我使多大勁兒也搬不動(dòng)這塊石頭。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他雖然受到表?yè)P(yáng)，但仍然保持著謙虛。 （4）如果句中謂語(yǔ)僅有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，則將實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(原形)放在as之前，并在主語(yǔ)后面加助動(dòng)詞do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.雖然敵人拷打她，卻沒有能從她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.盡管他失敗了，但他決不會(huì)放棄。 注:但是，如果在這種情況下，句中謂語(yǔ)有副詞修飾，則將副詞放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didnt lose heart.他雖然多次失敗，但仍不灰心喪氣。 Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely.我雖然佩服他的勇氣，但是我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不明智的。 3、由no matter+ wh詞和由疑問詞＋ever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 由no matter引導(dǎo)，表示“不管；無(wú)論”；由疑問詞＋ever引導(dǎo)，表示“不管，不論”。這類詞有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他們相當(dāng)于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能與but，so，and等并列連詞同時(shí)使用。 Well have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. 不管需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，我們都一定完成這項(xiàng)工作。 No matter what(Whatever) you do, dont tell him that I told you this. 無(wú)論你做什么，別告訴他我對(duì)你說過這件事。 4、由whether．．．or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 由whether．．．or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“不論……還是”，提供兩種對(duì)比的情況。 I shall go, whether you e with me or stay at home. 不論你來(lái)還是留在家中，我都要去。 Whether we like a particular piece of news or not, all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and “l(fā)et it happen”.不管我們喜歡不喜歡一條消息,我們所能做的只是坐在電視機(jī)前，“讓它過去”。 八、條件狀語(yǔ)從句 條件狀語(yǔ)從句可以位于主句前面或后面。 1、 由if，unless引導(dǎo) if 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”（if not） You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否則，你會(huì)遲到。 If you dont hurry up, youll be late. 如果你不快點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)晚了。 Well go there unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我們就去那兒。 2、由suppose，supposing，as/so long as， providing, provided, on condition that和in case等引導(dǎo) 這類連詞（詞組）意思相近，有：“如果、假設(shè)、即使、在……條件下”等意義。 Suppose (Supposing) he is ill, what shall we do? 如果他病了，我們?cè)撛趺崔k？ Youll do all right, as long as you follow his advice.只要你聽從他的勸告，你就會(huì)干得很好的。 In case John es, please tell him to wait.假如約翰來(lái)了，請(qǐng)讓他稍候。 You may keep the book a further week provided (that) no one else requires it. 倘若這本書沒有其他人想借的話，你可以再續(xù)借一個(gè)禮拜。 九、方式狀語(yǔ)從句 方式狀語(yǔ)從句一般由as(正如；按照)，as if/as though(好像),the way等引導(dǎo)。 1、as 和just as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 這兩個(gè)連詞的意思是“如…，猶如…，正如…”（in the same manner that）。just as 比as的強(qiáng)調(diào)性更強(qiáng)。 You must do everything as I do.你們要照我這樣去做。 Just as the water is the most important of liquids, air is the most important gases.正如水是液體中最重要的一種一樣，空氣是氣體中最重要的一種。 2、as if 和as though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 as if 和as though意為“好像、仿佛”可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示不符合事實(shí)或與事實(shí)相反的情況；也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣表示符合事實(shí)的情況。 He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg. 他慢慢地走，她像腿受傷的樣子。 He spoke as if he knew the question very well.他說得好像對(duì)這個(gè)問題知道得很清楚。 3、the way引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 the way它的作用相當(dāng)于the manner，后面的引導(dǎo)詞常用that引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)，而且經(jīng)常省略。此時(shí)，一般不用in which引導(dǎo)。 I don’t like the way you speak to her.我不喜歡你和她說話的方式。 We didnt like the way that he treated us. 我不喜歡他對(duì)待我們的方式。 第三節(jié) 鞏固提高 1. ---What was the party like? ---Wonderful. Its years _______ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since 2.—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？ —Yes．I gave it to her ____ I saw her． A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once 3. ______the poem a second time,the meaning will bee clearer to you. A.Your having read B.While reading C.If reading D.When you read 4.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem ____ they themselves couldnt． A．once B．then C．while D．if 5.He______to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A.has no sooner got B.no sooner got C.will no sooner get D.had no sooner got 6.I thought her nice and honest ________ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 7. ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---Yes. I gave it to her_______I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 8.We had better hurry_______it’s getting dark. A.and B.but C.as D.unless 9. Jane wore a raincoat ________ it was raining. A. so B. but C. however D. because 10._______ you have seen both fighters, ________ will win? A. Since; do you th ink who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think 11. ___