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形容詞和副詞,知識梳理,一、形容詞作補語和狀語1.形容詞作主語補足語和賓語補足語時,可以表示“現(xiàn)狀,狀態(tài)”;也可以表示某一動作的結(jié)果,常用在表示“認(rèn)為,看待”等動詞后,如believe,prove,consider等。,形容詞和副詞,2.形容詞作狀語時,可以看作是“being＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)或when,if,because等從句的省略,表示時間、方式、原因、伴隨、讓步、條件等,也可以表示對主語進行解釋,說明主語是什么情況,或進行強調(diào),其邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。如:Hungryandtired,hehadtostopworking.Ripe(＝Whentheyareripe),theorangestastesweet.,,二、表語形容詞表語形容詞是一般只用于系動詞后作表語的形容詞,這類動詞常見的有remain,stay,stand,keep,lie,grow,turn,get,become,run,come,seem,sound,appear,look,smell,taste,feel等。常見的表語形容詞有:某些以a開頭的形容詞:afraid“害怕的”;alive“活著的”;alone“單獨的”;ashamed“羞愧的”;asleep“睡著的”;awake“醒著的”等。,①這類形容詞除afraid和ashamed可用very修飾外,一般不用very修飾,可用其他表程度的副詞修飾,如verymuch。常用搭配:wideawake完全清醒sound/fastasleep酣睡quitealone非常孤獨stillalive仍然活著muchalike非常相似full/well/quiteawareof充分意識到;對……非常清醒②表語形容詞還可用作后置定語。如:Heisthemostfamousscientistaliveintheworldtoday.,2.某些與健康狀況有關(guān)的形容詞:well“健康的”;fine“健康的”;poorly“不適;不舒服”;unwell“不舒服的”;ill“有病的”;faint“頭暈的”等。如:I’mfeelingwelltoday.Heisilltoday.,3.某些描述感覺或心情的形容詞:glad“高興的”;pleased“高興的”;content“滿意的”;sorry“難過的”;upset“難過的”等。如:Iamglad/pleasedtohearthatyouareofferedagoodjob.4.其他表語形容詞:certain“確認(rèn)的”;sure“確信的”;fond“喜歡的”;ready“準(zhǔn)備好的”;unable“不能……的”等。如:I’mcertain/surethathewillsucceed.,三、復(fù)合形容詞1.副詞詞干＋分詞,如:hardworking勤勞的2.名詞詞干＋過去分詞,如:manmade人造的3.名詞詞干＋現(xiàn)在分詞,如:timeconsuming耗時的4.名詞詞干＋形容詞,如:worldfamous世界聞名的5.數(shù)詞詞干＋名詞,如:fivestar五星級的6.數(shù)詞詞干＋名詞ed,如:threelegged三條腿的,7.數(shù)詞詞干＋名詞＋形容詞,如:fiveyearold5歲的8.形容詞詞干＋過去分詞,如:readymade現(xiàn)成的9.形容詞詞干＋名詞ed,如:kindhearted好心的10.形容詞詞干＋現(xiàn)在分詞,如:ordinarylooking相貌一般的11.形容詞詞干＋形容詞,如:redhot熾熱的,四、副詞1.派生副詞1)最常用的后綴是ly,即“形容詞＋后綴ly”構(gòu)成副詞。2)還有加后綴ward(s),ways,wise等構(gòu)成副詞。如:backwards,northwards,sideways,crossways,clockwise等。,2.復(fù)合副詞和短語副詞復(fù)合副詞是指由兩個詞共同組成的副詞。如anyhow,meantime,nowhere,somehow,therefore等。短語副詞是指用連詞把副詞連接起來的短語。如backandforth(前后),hereandthere(到處),nowandthen(不時)等。,一、形容詞和副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成1.形容詞的比較級和最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,一般在詞尾加er,est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。,形容詞和副詞的比較等級,注意:有些形容詞的比較級和最高級可采用在詞尾加er和est的形式,也可采用在單詞前加more和most的形式,這類形容詞有clear,common,cruel,free,handsome,lively,often,pleasant,polite,pretty,quiet,secure,solid,stupid等。,2.副詞的比較級和最高級1)大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞在其前加more和most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。如：quickly—morequickly—mostquicklycarefully—morecarefully—mostcarefully2)單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在詞尾加er構(gòu)成比較級,加est構(gòu)成最高級。如：hard—harder—hardestfast—faster—fastestearly—earlier—earliest,3.幾個特殊的形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級,二、形容詞和副詞原級的常見句型1.as＋形容詞/副詞＋as如:Heisastallashisfather.HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyasanEnglishman.注意:在否定句或疑問句中可用so...as,即notas/so...as。如:Hecan’trunso/asfastasyou.It’snotas/sowarmasyesterday.,2.“as＋形容詞＋a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞＋as”或“as＋many/much＋名詞＋as”。如:Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.Thereareasmanystudentsinyourclassasinours.,三、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的常見句型1.more＋原級/名詞＋than＋原級/名詞,意為“與其說是……不如說是……”。如:Heismorediligentthanclever.2.“比較級＋and＋比較級”和“moreandmore＋多音節(jié)詞原級”,表示程度遞增。這種結(jié)構(gòu)后不可接than引導(dǎo)的從句。如:Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.Sheplaysthepianomoreandmorebeautifully.,注意:frombadtoworse/worseandworse越來越糟makemattersworse/whatwasworse/worsethanall/worsethanever更糟的是如:Thingsaregettingfrombadtoworse/worseandworse.ThecarbrokedownwhenIwasdrivinghomefromwork,andtomakemattersworseitwaspouringwithrain.,anyother+單數(shù)名詞all(the)other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞anyoneelseanyoftheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞therestof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,比較級＋than＋,3.如果比較對象不能相互包容時,句型有:,,4.“the＋比較級,the＋比較級”表示兩種情況同時變化。這個句型中的第一句相當(dāng)于狀語從句,不能用將來時態(tài)。如:ThemoremedicineItake,theworseIseemtofeel.5.“no＋比較級＋than...”意為“都不”,是對兩者的共同否定,側(cè)重前者;“not＋比較級＋than...”意為“不及”,表示前者不如后者,隱含對兩者的肯定,側(cè)重后者。如:HeisnotallerthanI.Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.,6.“the＋比較級＋ofthetwo(＋名詞)”,表示“兩者中較……的一個”。如:Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.7.the＋最高級＋of/in＋比較范圍最高級表示在一定范圍內(nèi)某事物或某人在性質(zhì)、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低。“……之中最……”,用于三者或三者以上的比較。同類范疇用of,不同類用in。Hetalks(the)leastanddoes(the)mostinhisclass.Heisthefastestrunnerofthethreeboys.,8.not/never＋比較級“最……不過”。在比較級前加上否定意義的詞,表達最高級的含義。如:Hisworkcouldn’tbeworse.Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.,9.“nothing/nobody...＋比較級＋than”意為“沒有……更/最”。如:Nothingisbetterthanahotdrinkonacoldwinterday.,四、形容詞和副詞的比較等級的修飾語1.almost,exactly,half,just,nearly,quite,twice,threetimes,athirdtime等用于原級之前,表示程度。如:Heisalmostastallashisbrother.Thislineistwiceaslongasthatone.,2.abit,alittle,rather,any,much/many,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot,still,even等用于比較級之前,表示確定的程度。分?jǐn)?shù)或有關(guān)長度、時間、重量等名詞短語通常放在比較級前,也可由by引出而置于比較級之后。如:It’salittlecoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.Thisshirtismuchmoreexpensivethanthatone.Heistwoyearsolderthanme.＝Heisolderthanmebytwoyears.,注意:①修飾可數(shù)名詞的比較級不用much,而用many,如manymorebooks;修飾不可數(shù)名詞的比較級用much,如muchmorework,“更多的工作”;muchmorenecessary,“更有必要”。②除quitebetter外,quite不可修飾比較級。,3.byfar,much,thefirst/second用于形容詞的最高級前。如:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.Thisisbyfarthebest.Thisismuchthemostimportant.,五、比較級相關(guān)習(xí)語1.morethanmorethan＋數(shù)詞多于,超過morethan＋名詞不僅僅是morethan＋形容詞非常,很morethan＋含有情態(tài)動詞的從句超過了……的范圍moreAthanB與其說……倒不如說……2.nomorethan(＝only)僅僅,只有3.notmorethan(＝atmost)不超過,至多,lessthan不到……,少于……nolessthan(＝asmuchas)多達,不少于notlessthan(＝atleast)至少moreorless(＝almost,nearly,about)基本上,差不多;或多或少soonerorlater遲早,早晚,總有一天what‘smore而且,此外nosooner...than...一……就……,考點歸納,近幾年高考對形容詞、副詞的考查以形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析為主，其次是它們的搭配、比較等級以及表示銜接手段和表示頻率、方式、程度等副詞的用法。,一、考查形容詞、副詞詞義辨析解這類題時,首先要弄清楚各選項詞義,然后再去理解題意,最后結(jié)合題意選出符合語境的選項。Withonlineshoppingincreasinglypopular,theInternetisseenasa(n)_____wayofreachingtargetcustomers.A.temporaryB.complexC.accurateD.efficient,2.HardlyhadSabrinafinishedherwordswhenAlbertsaid_____,“Dontbesomean,”pointingafingerofwarningather.A.dreadfullyB.guiltilyC.indirectlyD.sharply,二、考查形容詞、副詞的搭配做這類題時,要辨別清楚每個選項在詞義和搭配上的細微差別。Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbefore_____isputforward,wellmakedowithit.A.agoodoneB.abetteroneC.thebestoneD.abestone,三、考查形容詞、副詞的比較等級1.比較級與最高級一般情況下，題干中沒有明顯的比較等級形式。做這類題時，首先看選項，如果選項中有比較等級，就挖掘題干的深層含義，判斷其中是否需要使用比較等級的某種具體形式。,Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics_____.A.betterB.bestC.thebetterD.verywell,四、考查表示銜接手段的副詞首先要理解前后兩個分句或句子的意思，然后再選擇相應(yīng)的副詞。常見的表示銜接手段的副詞:however,otherwise,though,nevertheless,instead,besides,meanwhile,therefore,thus,yet,afterwards,eventually等。,Whataterribleexperience!_____,you’resafenow—thatsthemainthing.A.AnywayB.BesidesC.OtherwiseD.Therefore,五、考查表示頻率、方式、程度等的副詞要分清每個詞的一般用法和特殊用法，而且要特別注意具體的語境。1.表示頻率的副詞，如occasionally,sometimes,seldom,never,regularly,usually,rarely等。2.表示方式的副詞,如anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,angrily,happily,slowly等。3.表示程度的副詞，如so,very,too,rather,fairly,pretty,enough,quite等。,Theaimofeducationistoteachyoungpeopletothinkforthemselvesandnotfollowothers_____.A.blindlyB.unwillinglyC.closelyD.carefully,1.Joeisproudand_____,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblameA.strictB.sympatheticC.stubbornD.sensitive,2.Ican’tmeetyouonSunday.I’llbe_____occupied.A.alsoB.justC.neverthelessD.otherwise,3.Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wewouldn’thavefoundit_____.A.nowhereB.howeverC.otherwiseD.instead,4.Thereareasmallnumberofpeopleinvolved,possibly_____twenty.A.asfewasB.aslittleasC.asmanyasD.asmuchas,5.Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevase,shegavehima_____smileandlethimgo.A.cautiousB.gratefulC.tolerantD.wild,鞏固練習(xí),I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Itis__________(reason)toassumethatheknewbeforehandthatthiswouldhappen.2.Successdoesn’tonlydependonwhatyoudo.Whatyoudon’tdois_______(equal)important.3.Oncepeoplehaveseenthatsomethingactuallyworks,theyaremuchmore_____(like)toacceptchange.,reasonable,equally,likely,4.I______(mere)suggestedyoushoulddoitagain.Theresnoneedtogetannoyed.5.Theriverwassopollutedthatit_______(actual)caughtfireandburned.6.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_______(clean)thanever.,merely,actually,cleaner,II.根據(jù)漢語提示補全句子（每空一詞）。WhenIlookedbackontheearlydaysofourschooling,IwonderedhowIhadmanagedwith________________(那么少的錢).2.Theoldwomanhadsome__________________________(美麗的小紅玫瑰花)inhergarden.,solittlemoney,beautifullittle,redroses,3.Whateverthecircumstances,parentsaresupposedtoknow_______________________________(怎么做最好).4.Thewingsofthemodelplaneare__________________________(……長度的兩倍多)ofitsbody.,whattodofor,thebest,thantwicethelength,more,III.閱讀短文，根據(jù)所給提示在空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)單詞，要求意義準(zhǔn)確，拼寫正確。Australiaisthelargestislandintheworld.However,itisthe1.________(最小的)continentaswell.Australialiesinthe2.s_______hemisphere(半球).ItliessoutheastofAsiaandissurroundedbythePacificOceanandtheIndiaOcean.,southern,smallest,TheclimatesinAustraliavary3._______(great).Asmallpartofthenortheastcoasthasatropicalclimatewithheavyrainfallandsomewhat4.h_______temperatures.Somepartshave5.________(definite)dryandwetseasons.Largedesertareaswithverylittlerainfalloccupy6.______(center)andwesternAustralia.Ofcourse,thereareothertypesofclimatesinotherareasofthecontinent.,central,greatly,hot/high,definitely,ManypeoplewhohearthewordAustraliathinkaboutthe7._______(獨有的)animalsthatcanbefoundonlyinAustralia.Kangarooshavelargebacklegsand8.________(power)tails.Akoalaisananimalthateatstheleavesofcertaintypesoftrees.Theduckbill(鴨嘴獸)isa9.s_____________creaturethathashairandgivesmilktoitsyounglikeothermammalsdo,butitlayseggs!,unique,powerful,strange/special,