0118-制育秧缽機設計【全套6張CAD圖】
0118-制育秧缽機設計【全套6張CAD圖】,全套6張CAD圖,育秧,設計,全套,cad
畢業(yè)設計(論文)開題報告
題目 制育秧缽機設計
一、 題依據(jù)及意義?
本次設計的目的是為了能綜合運用本專業(yè)所學知識,融會貫通。鞏固大學四年來所學專業(yè)基礎知識和專業(yè)知識,并運用所學的冷沖機械設計與優(yōu)化設計知識,解決機械設計中的實際問題,提高分析問題,解決實際問題的能力.?
目前,建設社會主義新農(nóng)村是我國的一項政策。在建設社會主義新農(nóng)村的過程當中,提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械的生產(chǎn)效率、降低農(nóng)業(yè)機械的成本是不容忽略的。從這一個方面來說,本課題制育秧缽機的改進設計響應國家政策,是有利于農(nóng)村發(fā)展的,具有長遠的發(fā)展前景。
另一方面,通過本次設計提高外語、專業(yè)、計算機的綜合能力,創(chuàng)新開發(fā)研究能力及嚴謹?shù)墓ぷ髯黠L,提高實際工作能力。著重是培養(yǎng)綜合運用所學知識獨立分析、設計、解決實際生產(chǎn)問題和其它一些綜合能力,特別是工作能力,養(yǎng)成良好的工作態(tài)度、工作作風。另外,還可進一步熟悉有關標準和規(guī)范,能夠熟練使用有關設計手冊和熟悉編寫技術文件和設計說明書,進一步提高科技寫作的能力,加強對沖壓工藝與模具設計的了解。
本次設計,根據(jù)給定的舊式育秧缽機機構,分析其工藝性及經(jīng)濟性,創(chuàng)新設計新的更合理的育秧缽機。在設計過程中,先進行設計調(diào)研,全面了解育秧缽機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和主要技術參數(shù),從而使我在設計過程中具有較強的針對性,才能在設計正確合理的基礎上敢于創(chuàng)新。
二、 國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)張趨勢(含文獻綜述)
(一)國內(nèi)外研究概況
中國是個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中培育良好的秧苗是一個重要的環(huán)節(jié)。育苗技術是農(nóng)業(yè)科技一直關注的。隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)機械的發(fā)展,良好的育苗器械是培育好育苗的關鍵。因此育秧缽機的研究與發(fā)展在近些年取得了顯著的成就。下面是對育秧缽機相關資料的整理。?
1.浙江理工大學機械工程系博士研究生楊文珍對圓盤式精密播種制缽機運動學進行優(yōu)化設計。針對圓盤式精密播種制缽機缽體的定位精確、沖壓機構和缽盤機構之間運動配合緊湊,易發(fā)生干涉等問題,在分析圓盤式精密播種制缽機工作原理的基礎上,結(jié)合新的精密播種制缽工序,對制缽機的沖壓機構和缽盤機構分別進行運動分析;研究兩者的配合規(guī)律,推導出相應的位移方程,并在VB6.0平臺上進行運動學仿真模擬,得到了避免機構發(fā)生干涉條件和滿足機構運動要求的參數(shù),實現(xiàn)了圓盤式精密播種制缽機的精密播種和營養(yǎng)缽體制造功能。機構運動仿真表明:沖壓制缽的時間在一個運動周期內(nèi)所占的比例應少于58.4%,制缽機可以避免干涉,實現(xiàn)精密播種和制造營養(yǎng)缽。
2.上海市農(nóng)機局的下屬農(nóng)機研究所研制的ZB810型棉花育苗制缽機,機構緊湊、性能良好、適應田間作業(yè)。制成的缽體表面光滑、外緊內(nèi)松、符合農(nóng)業(yè)要求。育苗移栽后的棉花可全苗早發(fā),增加伏前桃和伏桃,比其他移苗增產(chǎn)20%以上,勞動效率提高1-2倍。
3.我國制育秧缽機的發(fā)展歷程和美國、日本等發(fā)達國家有一定的距離。我國在70年代才開始研制水稻傳統(tǒng)育秧的半機械化及機械化插秧機和拔秧機。80年代后,引進日本技術,研制了帶土苗育秧和插秧機械,而對播種機械研究較少。
4.隨著機械制造技術的發(fā)展及加工技術與工藝的現(xiàn)代化,出現(xiàn)了輕便,可在不同時制育各種秧苗的制缽機。EB-42型制缽機邊是其代表,這中制缽機是棉花、玉米、烤煙和蔬菜等農(nóng)作物實施營?養(yǎng)缽育苗移栽機械化技術的先進適用機具,屬于種植業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)機械。該機由?減速機構、攪土機構、間歇定位機構、曲柄滑塊沖壓等機構組成。
(二)新老育缽機的比較
?????? 育秧缽最早是用手工制造的,其步驟如下:
(1) 將肥料和土壤攪拌均勻,用篩子篩細;
(2) 將上述土壤放入一個模子中;
(3) 用一沖頭將土壤沖緊,沖頭下部有一凸頭;
(4) 再將模子托起,育秧缽被沖出;
1.老式制缽機
這種制作方法很像制作蜂窩煤。它的動作過程是這樣的:電動機1?經(jīng)帶傳動、齒輪傳動將動力和運動傳給齒輪7。齒輪7一方面通過偏心銷使運動經(jīng)由連桿8傳動滑動支架作上下移動,另方面齒輪7又由一對錐齒輪將運動傳到端面凸輪離合器11(它和軸用導向鍵聯(lián)接,不僅能隨陬轉(zhuǎn)動,而且還能在軸上移動)。若端面凸輪在旁邊固定著的從動滾子10的強制下,向上抬起并壓縮彈簧,離合器11就處在脫開狀態(tài),在其下面的齒輪9(和軸空套)就不會轉(zhuǎn)動。當端面凸輪繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)到凸輪凹面與從動滾子10接觸時,端面凸輪就會在彈簧力的作用下向下推移。是離合器嚙合,運動就經(jīng)過齒輪9帶動轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)動。當轉(zhuǎn)到一定位置時,凸輪會再次轉(zhuǎn)到凸輪面與滑輪接觸,此時凸輪又會在滑輪的強制下使離合器再次脫開,齒輪9就會停止轉(zhuǎn)動。這一過程恰好轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)過60°,而被定位銷20銷住,也就是在轉(zhuǎn)盤停頓的時間里,滑動支架正好帶著固定在它上面的壓緊沖頭和沖出沖頭在模孔中作一次上下往復運動,以完成壓緊和沖出一只育秧缽的過程。
???這種制缽機有如下的缺點:
(1) 結(jié)構復雜、零件較多;
(2) 容易損壞、不易維修;
(3) 造價較高。
2..新方案的形成???
在設計新的制缽機時有下面幾點值得改進:
(1) 育秧缽機的壓制壓力較小,用手制造時估計沖擊壓力約為100公斤左右,故壓緊機構可以設計得簡單一些;
(2) 老式制缽機的轉(zhuǎn)盤是間歇運動,是靠端面凸輪離合器實現(xiàn)的。凸輪每轉(zhuǎn)動60°就停頓一次,機構比較復雜,凸輪不易制作,且容易失效,造價也高。如果有辦法在轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)動的同時進行壓緊和沖出動作,就可以取消定位裝置和端面凸輪離合器專職,這樣,動作和機構都比較簡單、也不容易失效;
(3) 攪拌叉19可以直接裝在齒輪9的軸上、省掉一對錐齒輪;
(4) 用轉(zhuǎn)盤的方法將??邹D(zhuǎn)位,此方法比較見大,應該保留;
(5) 傳動機構比較簡單,如有可能當然還可以設計得更簡單一些。
???這樣,在參考老式制缽機的基礎上加以改進,就形成了一個新?的設計方法。
3、 研究內(nèi)容及實驗方案
1.研究內(nèi)容
電動機的選擇,傳動件的設計,執(zhí)行機構的設計及設備零部件等的設計。
2.實驗方案
(1)先查閱相關資料,掌握育秧缽機的大體機構;
(2)對其運動及受力參數(shù)進行分析計算;
(3)主要零件的強度校核;
四、目標、主要特色及工作進度
目標:1)每小時能生產(chǎn)3000個左右;2)結(jié)構簡單、體積小、拖動功率小、維修方便、造價低。
主要特色:
結(jié)構簡單、生產(chǎn)效率高、拆裝方便、較好的制造工藝,性能穩(wěn)定。
工作進度:
1、 收集資料、外文資料翻譯、開題報告 (第1周—第2周)
2、 傳動方案的確定 (第3周—第4周)
3、 參數(shù)確定及設計計算 (第5周—第7周)
4、 制育秧缽機裝配圖設計及零部件圖設計 (第8周—第15周)
5、 撰寫畢業(yè)設計論文 (第8周—第15周)
五、參考文獻
[1] 楊文珍,陸秋君,趙勻. 圓盤式精密播種制缽機運動學優(yōu)化設計.
浙江大學學報(農(nóng)業(yè)與生命科學版)31(3):346~350,2005
[2] 楊文珍,趙 勻,陸秋君. 精密播種制缽機計算機分析與設計.中國農(nóng)機化2004(1):31~34
[3] 韓豹,馬守義,韓許.2Z-2型玉米缽育苗移栽機的研制.現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè).1996(11):1~3
[4] 楊文珍,趙勻,李革,俞高紅.播種制缽機的研究與展望.農(nóng)機化研究.20031(1):56~57
[5] 趙學田.自動機械自學入門. 北京:冶金工業(yè)出版社,1982
[6] Patton W.J. Mechanical Power Transmission .New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1980
[7] 濮量貴,紀名剛.機械設計.7版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[8] Mechanical Drive (Reference Issue).Machine Design. 52(14), 1980
[9] 龐啟淮.小功率電動機應用技術手冊.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1996
[10] 王世剛,張秀親,苗淑杰.機械設計實踐.哈爾濱:哈爾濱工程大學出版社,2003
[11] 徐灝.機械設計手冊.2版. 北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2001
[12] 陸玉,何在洲,佟延偉.機械設計課程設計.3版. 北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2000
[13] 孫桓,陳作模主編.機械原理.6版. 北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[14] 機械設計手冊編委會.機械設計手冊.新版.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,2004
[15] 林景凡,王世剛,李世恒.互換性與質(zhì)量控制基礎. 北京:中國科學技術出版社,1999
[16] 劉鴻文.材料力學.3版. 北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1992
制育秧缽機設計
摘要:老式制育秧缽機由蜂窩煤成型機改進得來,體積龐大,結(jié)構復雜,成本高,效率低。本設計從老式制育秧缽機出發(fā),在傳動系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機構上都做了很大的改進。本機每小時能生產(chǎn)3000個缽體,可廣泛應用于玉米、蔬菜、瓜果等秧苗的制缽。該機采用單相電動機做動力源,可在廣大的農(nóng)村使用,不用擔心需要較高的動力電壓的問題。文中較詳細的設計了制育秧缽機的傳動系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機構,對各個零件做了具體的結(jié)構尺寸設計,并對受載荷較大的零件進行了精確的校核。包括齒輪、帶輪、軸和軸承等零部件的校核。該機的設計大量運用標準件,大大縮短了設計工作量和降低了生產(chǎn)制造周期及成本。主要設計內(nèi)容有:方案的確定;電機的選擇;各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速、功率和轉(zhuǎn)矩計算;帶、齒輪、及錐齒輪的設計與計算;軸的最小直徑;帶、齒輪、及錐齒輪的尺寸計算以及方案圖、裝配圖和零件圖的繪制。
關鍵詞:制育秧缽機 缽體 傳動系統(tǒng) 執(zhí)行機構
Design of the legacy of seedlings
Abstract: The old system of seedlings from the legacy of improvement in the briquettes machine, the size, structure complex, high cost and low efficiency. The design of the legacy from the old system of starting seedlings in the transmission system and executing agencies have done on a lot of improvement. The machine can produce per hour legacy of 4000, can be widely applied to corn, vegetables, fruits and other seedlings of the legacy system. The aircraft uses a single-phase motors to power source, can be used in the vast rural areas, need not worry about a higher power voltage problem. In a more detailed design of the system for the seedlings Bowl drive system and implementing agencies, the various parts to do a specific size of the structure design, and in the larger load of spare parts for the precise calibration. Including gear, pulley, and axle bearings and other parts of the check. The extensive use of the aircraft design standard parts, greatly reducing the workload of the design and lower manufacturing costs and manufacturing cycle. Main design elements include: the determination of the project, choice of Motor and the speed of every axial, the calculation of power and torque, the design and calculation of the belt or gear and the Bevel gear, the smallest diameter of axis, calculation to the size of belt wheel and gears and Bevel gear and protracting the drawing of the project and the assemblage and the part.
Key words: the legacy of the legacy of seedlings Bowl transmission system Implementing agencies
Signature of the Supervisor:
II
Low-cost wind power can provide a new wind turbine
Abstract: The first generation of commercial proliferation of enhanced wind turbine (DAWT) in New Zealand has just begun trial operation two years, if the developers to achieve the expected results, this new design of wind machines to be significantly reduced cost of wind power.
New Zealand in the distance about 100 km Aokelannan the Waikaretu on top of a hill, a revolutionary new wind turbine is a two-year trial operation. The wind machines and the appearance of conventional wind turbine completely different compared to its height of 17 m, much like a Juwu squatted on the Peak, and the conventional wind turbine is a slender body, tall and towering over the top of the hill.
This is put into operation the first generation of commercial proliferation of enhanced wind turbine (DAWT: diffuser augmented wind turbine), if the developers to achieve the expected results, will lead to significant reduction in the cost of wind power. During the trial the new wind turbine technology, can also test the proliferation of Central Cover new materials, high-strength fibers to strengthen the steel reinforced concrete. Such wind turbine on the ground referred to as "concrete wind turbine." In business, it is called Vortec7 of wind machines, because it has a 7 m in diameter rotor.
Wind machines from nearly 100 small investors, set up a private company - Vortec Energy Limited responsible for the design and construction, the company raised 3.5 million U.S. dollars development of the prototype. Vortec Energy Limited is currently being further raise about 700 million dollars to build two sets of rotor diameter of 20 m of the unit. One of the new units will be in areas of high wind speed test, probably in the vicinity of Wellington, New Zealand, the average wind speed in another area. South Australia state government said that the design has a lot of interest in Adelaide and will speed up the installation of an average wind speed near the crew, because the state government that is a rare wind of renewable energy, the need to promote technical breakthroughs-state advantage of the more Lower average wind speed resource development.
Two new type of rotor diameter of 20 m of the unit after the successful operation, Vortec Energy Limited will consider the possibility of Nasdaq Stock Exchange. Vortec7 unit performance data show that the rotor diameter of 20 m below the design to 0.031 U.S. dollars / kWh the price of Internet access, it will enable New Zealand and wind power can compete existing power plants, and other new methods of power generation compared to more Competitive. If Vortec function of wind power generation in this price level, in the development of wind power will rapidly become a powerful new force.
Vortec Energy Limited is the backing of entrepreneurs Robin Johannink, he successfully operating a series of operations, but also Pacific Lithium (an extract from seawater lithium companies) backing. Johannink, said Vortec technology is an international product, but the technology in the New Zealand stock market was on the recognition and attention is not too high, in this difficult market. Therefore Vortec Energy Limited is considering the Nasdaq in New York Stock Exchange listing is likely to achieve in 1999.
A proliferation of technology
U.S. aerospace giant Grumman Space Company (now Northrop Grumman Corporation) spent eight years developing the proliferation of technology and a proliferation of enhanced wind turbine technology patents. It was the spread of a detailed analysis of fluid dynamics and the use of a 5 m in the wind tunnel model confirmed the results. The proliferation of wind turbine rotor in the lower reaches, and its role as a wing, the rear rotor in a low-voltage parts. This "suction effect" effective in around the rotor speed multiplied. Conventional wind turbine rotor can only be effective use of wind around 60 percent.
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