喜歡就充值下載吧。。資源目錄里展示的文件全都有，，請(qǐng)放心下載，，有疑問(wèn)咨詢QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 喜歡就充值下載吧。。資源目錄里展示的文件全都有，，請(qǐng)放心下載，，有疑問(wèn)咨詢QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 實(shí) 習(xí) 報(bào) 告 專業(yè)：機(jī)械制造 班級(jí)：08機(jī)制3班 學(xué)號(hào)：0828070098 姓名：秦緒佳 指導(dǎo)老師：張昌娟 實(shí)習(xí)單位：平高機(jī)械動(dòng)力公司 時(shí)間：2012-3-1至2012-3-31 目 錄 前言 一、離合器概述 二、離合器的工作原理 三、離合器的應(yīng)用 四、離合器應(yīng)滿足的基本要求 五、汽車離合器分類 六、離合器的異常問(wèn)題 七、離合器的部件 八、摩擦式離合器基本結(jié)構(gòu)原理 九、公司簡(jiǎn)介 十、心得體會(huì) 前 言 對(duì)于任何一位大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)是一個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，也是一個(gè)很好的鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)。對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，平常學(xué)到的都是書面上的知識(shí)，而畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)正好就給了我們一個(gè)在投身社會(huì)工作之前把理論知識(shí)與實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)聯(lián)系起來(lái)的機(jī)會(huì)，畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)作為學(xué)校為我們安排的在校期間最后一次全面性、總結(jié)性的教學(xué)實(shí)踐環(huán)節(jié)，它既讓我們看到實(shí)際的中設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)狀況，也我們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)之前“實(shí)戰(zhàn)預(yù)演”，我們可以從中看到的不僅僅是一個(gè)車間的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)作過(guò)程，還有大量實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)方面的知識(shí)，以及我們還十分缺乏的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)都包含在每個(gè)生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)能夠使我們更好的完善自己。 對(duì)于畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)，其中一個(gè)主要目的就是通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)所學(xué)的內(nèi)容來(lái)完善我們的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，當(dāng)然我們?cè)趯?shí)習(xí)過(guò)程中還會(huì)收集相關(guān)資料、了解相關(guān)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)制造的基本技術(shù)和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，從而制定畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)思路與方法，了解相關(guān)的工藝以及工序，這也是我們?cè)诋厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中要符合實(shí)際的現(xiàn)成參考文件。認(rèn)真完成好這次實(shí)習(xí)，為完成好畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，也為不久以后的工作打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)只有短短的幾天，但無(wú)論是對(duì)我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)還是今后的工作，都帶來(lái)了很大的幫助。 一、離合器概述 所謂離合器，顧名思義就是說(shuō)利用“離”與“合”來(lái)傳遞適量的動(dòng)力。對(duì)于手動(dòng)擋的車型而言，離合器是汽車動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的重要部件，它擔(dān)負(fù)著將動(dòng)力與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)之間進(jìn)行切斷與連接的工作。在城市道路或者復(fù)雜路段駕駛時(shí)，離合器成了我們最頻繁使用的部件之一，而離合器運(yùn)用的好壞，直接體現(xiàn)了駕駛水平的高低，也體現(xiàn)了對(duì)于車輛保護(hù)的好壞。正確使用離合器，掌握離合器的原理以在特殊情況下利用離合器來(lái)解決問(wèn)題，是每個(gè)駕駛手動(dòng)擋車型的車友應(yīng)該掌握的。 二、離合器工作原理 離合器由摩擦片，彈簧片，壓盤以及動(dòng)力輸出軸組成，布置在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱之間，用來(lái)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪上儲(chǔ)存的力矩傳遞給變速箱，保證車輛在不同的行駛狀況下傳遞給驅(qū)動(dòng)輪適量的驅(qū)動(dòng)力和扭矩，屬于動(dòng)力總成的范疇。 離合器分為三個(gè)工作狀態(tài)，即不踩下離合器的全連動(dòng)，部分踩下離合器的半連動(dòng)（在半聯(lián)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，離合器的動(dòng)力輸入端與動(dòng)力輸出端允許有轉(zhuǎn)速差，也就是通過(guò)其轉(zhuǎn)速差來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳遞適量的動(dòng)力），以及踩下離合器的不連動(dòng)。 當(dāng)車輛在正常行駛時(shí)，壓盤是緊緊擠靠在飛輪的摩擦片上的，此時(shí)壓盤與摩擦片之間的摩擦力最大，輸入軸和輸出軸之間保持相對(duì)靜摩擦，二者轉(zhuǎn)速相同。 當(dāng)車輛起步時(shí)，司機(jī)踩下離合器，離合器踏板的運(yùn)動(dòng)拉動(dòng)壓盤向后靠，也就是壓盤與摩擦片分離，此時(shí)壓盤與飛輪完全不接觸，也就不存在相對(duì)摩擦。 最后一種，也就是離合器的半連動(dòng)狀態(tài)。此時(shí)，壓盤與摩擦片的摩擦力小于全連動(dòng)狀態(tài)。離合器壓盤與飛輪上的摩擦片之間是滑動(dòng)摩擦狀態(tài)。飛輪的轉(zhuǎn)速大于輸出軸的轉(zhuǎn)速，從飛輪傳輸出來(lái)的動(dòng)力部分傳遞給變速箱。此時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪之間相當(dāng)于一種軟連接狀態(tài)。 三、離合器的應(yīng)用 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，離合器是在車輛起步和換擋的時(shí)候發(fā)揮作用，此時(shí)變速箱的一軸和二軸之間存在轉(zhuǎn)速差，必須將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力與一軸切開以后，同步器才能很好的將一軸的轉(zhuǎn)速保持與二軸同步，擋位掛進(jìn)以后，再通過(guò)離合器將一軸與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)動(dòng)力結(jié)合，使動(dòng)力繼續(xù)得以傳輸。 1.保證汽車平穩(wěn)起步 　　起步前汽車處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，與變速箱是剛性連如果發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)接的，一旦掛上檔，汽車將由于突然接上動(dòng)力突然前沖，不但會(huì)造成機(jī)件的損傷，而且驅(qū)動(dòng)力也不足以克服汽車前沖產(chǎn)生的巨大慣性力，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速急劇下降而熄火。如果在起步時(shí)利用離合器暫時(shí)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱分離，然后離合器逐漸接合，由于離合器的主動(dòng)部分與從動(dòng)部分之間存在著滑磨的現(xiàn)象，可以使離合器傳出的扭矩由零逐漸增大，而汽車的驅(qū)動(dòng)力也逐漸增大，從而讓汽車平穩(wěn)地起步。 2.便于換檔 　　汽車行駛過(guò)程中，經(jīng)常換用不同的變速箱檔位，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的行駛條件。如果沒有離合器將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱暫時(shí)分離，那么變速箱中嚙合的傳力齒輪會(huì)因載荷沒有卸除，其嚙合齒面間的壓力很大而難于分開。另一對(duì)待嚙合齒輪會(huì)因二者圓周速度不等而難于嚙合。即使強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入嚙合也會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的齒端沖擊，容易損壞機(jī)件。利用離合器使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱暫時(shí)分離后進(jìn)行換檔，則原來(lái)嚙合的一對(duì)齒輪因載荷卸除，嚙合面間的壓力大大減小，就容易分開。而待嚙合的另一對(duì)齒輪，由于主動(dòng)齒輪與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分開后轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量很小，采用合適的換檔動(dòng)作就能使待嚙合的齒輪圓周速度相等或接近相等，從而避免或減輕齒輪間的沖擊。 3.防止傳動(dòng)系過(guò)載 　　汽車緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)，車輪突然急劇降速，而與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相連的傳動(dòng)系由于旋轉(zhuǎn)的慣性，仍保持原有轉(zhuǎn)速，這往往會(huì)在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中產(chǎn)生遠(yuǎn)大于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩的慣性矩，使傳動(dòng)系的零件容易損壞。由于離合器是靠摩擦力來(lái)傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的，所以當(dāng)傳動(dòng)系內(nèi)載荷超過(guò)摩擦力所能傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)，離合器的主、從動(dòng)部分就會(huì)自動(dòng)打滑，因而起到了防止傳動(dòng)系過(guò)載的作用。 4.降低扭振沖擊 　　汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理決定了其輸出扭矩的不平穩(wěn)。在做功沖程，燃燒室氣體爆炸產(chǎn)生極大沖擊扭矩，而在其他沖程，卻是靠慣性反拖發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。雖然發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本身轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)系具有的慣性可降低扭振，但剩余的沖擊力仍然對(duì)后續(xù)的變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸產(chǎn)生不利影響。而離合器中的減振彈簧（切向分布），可顯著降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶來(lái)的扭振沖擊，延長(zhǎng)變速齒輪壽命。 汽車離合器的工作原理 離合器的主動(dòng)部分和從動(dòng)部分借接觸面間的摩擦作用，或是用液體作為傳動(dòng)介質(zhì)(液力偶合器)，或是用磁力傳動(dòng)(電磁離合器)來(lái)傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，使兩者之間可以暫時(shí)分離，又可逐漸接合，在傳動(dòng)過(guò)程中又允許兩部分相互轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 目前在汽車上廣泛采用的是用彈簧壓緊的摩擦離合器(簡(jiǎn)稱為摩擦離合器)。 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的轉(zhuǎn)矩，通過(guò)飛輪及壓盤與從動(dòng)盤接觸面的摩擦作用，傳給從動(dòng)盤。當(dāng)駕駛員踩下離合器踏板時(shí)，通過(guò)機(jī)件的傳遞，使膜片彈簧大端帶動(dòng)壓盤后移，此時(shí)從動(dòng)部分與主動(dòng)部分分離。 四、離合器應(yīng)滿足的基本要求 摩擦離合器應(yīng)能滿足以下基本要求： (1)保證能傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩，并且還有一定的傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩余力。 (2)能作到分離時(shí)，徹底分離，接合時(shí)柔和，并具有良好的散熱能力。 　　 (3)從動(dòng)部分的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量盡量小一些。這樣，在分離離合器換檔時(shí)，與變速器輸入軸相連部分的轉(zhuǎn)速就比較容易變化，從而減輕齒輪間沖擊。 　　 (4)具有緩和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向沖擊，衰減該方向振動(dòng)的能力，且噪音小。 　　 (5)壓盤壓力和摩擦片的摩擦系數(shù)變化小，工作穩(wěn)定。 (6)操縱省力，維修保養(yǎng)方便。 在離合器中，還有一個(gè)不可或缺的緩沖裝置，它由兩個(gè)類似于飛輪的圓盤對(duì)在一起，在圓盤上打有矩形凹槽，在凹槽內(nèi)布置彈簧，在遇到激烈的沖擊時(shí)，兩個(gè)圓盤之間的彈簧相互發(fā)生彈性作用，緩沖外界刺激。有效的保護(hù)了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和離合器。在離合器的各個(gè)配件中，壓盤彈簧的強(qiáng)度，摩擦片的摩擦系數(shù)，離合器直徑，摩擦片位置以及離合器數(shù)目就是決定離合器性能的關(guān)鍵因素，彈簧的剛度越大，摩擦片的摩擦系數(shù)越高，離合器的直徑越大，離合器性能也就越好。 五、汽車離合器的分類 汽車離合器 汽車離合器位于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱之間的飛輪殼內(nèi)，用螺釘將離合器總成固定在飛輪的后平面上，離合器的輸出軸就是變速箱的輸入軸。在汽車行駛過(guò)程中，駕駛員可根據(jù)需要踩下或松開離合器踏板，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱暫時(shí)分離和逐漸接合，以切斷或傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)向變速器輸入的動(dòng)力。汽車離合器簡(jiǎn)介汽車離合器的功用1.保證汽車平穩(wěn)起步 2.便于換檔 3.防止傳動(dòng)系過(guò)載 4.降低扭振沖擊 汽車離合器的工作原理 汽車離合器的分類液力耦合器 電磁離合器 自動(dòng)離合器 離合器異常問(wèn)題 汽車離合器的分類 　　離合器分類 國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GBT10043-2003 　　汽車離合器有摩擦式離合器、液力變矩器(液力耦合器)、電磁離合器等幾種。摩擦式離合器又分為濕式和干式兩種。 液力耦合器 　　靠工作液（油液）傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，外殼與泵輪連為一體，是主動(dòng)件；渦輪與泵輪相對(duì)，是從動(dòng)件。當(dāng)泵輪轉(zhuǎn)速較低時(shí)，渦輪不能被帶動(dòng)，主動(dòng)件與從動(dòng)件之間處于分離狀態(tài)；隨著泵輪轉(zhuǎn)速的提高，渦輪被帶動(dòng)，主動(dòng)件與從動(dòng)件之間處于接合狀態(tài)。 電磁離合器 靠線圈的通斷電來(lái)控制離合器的接合與分離。如在主動(dòng)與從動(dòng)件之間放置磁粉，則可以加強(qiáng)兩者之間的接合力，這樣的離合器稱為磁粉式電磁離合器。 　　 目前，與手動(dòng)變速器相配合的絕大多數(shù)離合器為干式摩擦式離合器，按其從動(dòng)盤的數(shù)目，又分為單盤式、雙盤式和多盤式等幾種。 濕式摩擦式離合器一般為多盤式的，浸在油中以便于散熱。采用若干個(gè)螺旋彈簧作為壓緊彈簧，并將這些彈簧沿壓盤圓周分布的離合器稱為周布彈簧離合器。采用膜片彈簧作為壓緊彈簧的離合器稱為膜片彈簧離合器。 自動(dòng)離合器 隨著電子技術(shù)在汽車上應(yīng)用，一種自動(dòng)離合器系統(tǒng)也進(jìn)入了汽車領(lǐng)域。這種由控制單元（ECU）控制的離合器已經(jīng)應(yīng)用在一些轎車上，使手動(dòng)變速器換檔的一個(gè)重要步驟—離合器的斷開與接合能夠自動(dòng)地適時(shí)完成，簡(jiǎn)化了駕駛員的操縱動(dòng)作。 傳統(tǒng)離合器分有拉線和液壓式兩種，自動(dòng)離合器也分為兩種：機(jī)械電機(jī)式自動(dòng)離合器和液壓式自動(dòng)離合器。 機(jī)械電機(jī)式自動(dòng)離合器的ECU匯集油門踏板、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器、車速傳感器等信號(hào)，經(jīng)處理后發(fā)送指令驅(qū)動(dòng)伺服馬達(dá)，通過(guò)拉桿等機(jī)械形式驅(qū)使離合器動(dòng)作； 液壓式自動(dòng)離合器則是由ECU發(fā)送信號(hào)驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)液壓系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)液壓操縱離合器動(dòng)作。 　　 液壓式自動(dòng)離合器在目前通用的膜片離合器的基礎(chǔ)上增加了電子控制單元（ECU）和液壓執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)，將踏板操縱離合器油缸活塞改為由開關(guān)裝置控制電動(dòng)油泵去操縱離合器油缸活塞。變速器控制單元（ECU）與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制單元（ECU）是集成在一起的，根據(jù)油門踏板、變速器檔位、變速器輸入/輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、節(jié)氣門開度等傳感器反饋信息，計(jì)算出離合器最佳的接合時(shí)間與速度。 　　自動(dòng)離合器的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)由電動(dòng)油泵、電磁閥和離合器油缸組成，當(dāng)ECU發(fā)出指令驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)油泵，電動(dòng)油泵產(chǎn)生的高壓油液通過(guò)電磁閥輸送到離合器油缸。通過(guò)ECU控制電磁閥的電流量來(lái)控制油液流量和油液的通道變換，實(shí)現(xiàn)離合器油缸活塞的移動(dòng)，從而完成汽車起動(dòng)、換檔時(shí)的離合器動(dòng)作。 　　ECU具有自動(dòng)離合器裝置的汽車與自動(dòng)變速器（AT）和無(wú)級(jí)變速器（CVT）汽車相比，它在運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面有優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗淖兯倨鬟€是手動(dòng)變速器，因此耗油比較低，制造成本也低于AT和CVT。當(dāng)然，汽車操縱的便利性也會(huì)遜色于AT和CVT，畢竟它是裝配手動(dòng)變速器，仍然要手動(dòng)換檔。 六、離合器異常問(wèn)題 注意離合器是否打滑，造成此類現(xiàn)象的原因有幾種，其主要原因是離合器踏板自由行程太小、分離軸承經(jīng)常壓在膜片彈簧上，使壓盤總是處于半分離狀態(tài)?；蛘呤请x合器壓盤彈簧過(guò)軟或有折斷，離合器與飛輪連接的螺絲松動(dòng)等。 　　在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速狀態(tài)下，踩下離合器踏板幾乎觸底時(shí)，才能切斷離合器。踩下離合器踏板，感到掛擋困難或變速器齒輪出現(xiàn)刺耳的撞擊聲，或掛擋后不抬離合器踏板，車輛開始行駛，這都表明該車的離合器分離不徹底。 　　踩下離合器踏板到3/4時(shí)，離合器就應(yīng)該穩(wěn)固接合，否則檢查其行程是否合適，可用直尺在踏板處測(cè)量，先測(cè)出踏板最高位置高度，再測(cè)出踩下踏板到感到有阻力時(shí)的高度，兩個(gè)數(shù)值的差就是該車離合器行程數(shù)值。 如果在使用離合器過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)異響也是不正常的。其故障原因是分離軸承磨損嚴(yán)重、軸承回位彈簧過(guò)軟或折斷、膜片彈簧支架有故障等。 七、離合器的部件 每一個(gè)離合器都是由以下的部分組成的： （1） 主動(dòng)部分：飛輪、壓盤、離合器蓋等； 離合器壓盤 （2） 從動(dòng)部分：從動(dòng)盤、從動(dòng)軸（即變速器第一軸）； （3）壓緊部分：壓緊彈簧； （4）操縱機(jī)構(gòu)：分離杠桿、分離杠桿支承柱、擺動(dòng)銷、分離套筒、分離軸承、離合器踏板等。 八、摩擦式離合器基本結(jié)構(gòu)原理 在分析離合器工作過(guò)程之前，首先掌握以下常用名詞： 自由間隙：離合器接合時(shí)，分離軸承前端面與分離杠桿端頭之間的間隙。 分離間隙：離合器分離后，從動(dòng)盤前后端面與飛輪及壓盤表面間的間隙。 離合器踏板自由行程：從踩下離合器踏板到消除自由間隙所對(duì)應(yīng)的踏板行程是自由行程。 離合器踏板工作行程：消除自由間隙后，繼續(xù)踩下離合器踏板，將會(huì)產(chǎn)生分離間隙，此過(guò)程所對(duì)應(yīng)的踏板行程是工作行程。 離合器的工作過(guò)程可以分為分離過(guò)程和接合過(guò)程 　　在分離過(guò)程中，踩下離合器踏板，在自由行程內(nèi)首先消除離合器的自由間隙，然后在工作行程內(nèi)產(chǎn)生分離間隙，離合器分離。 　　在接合過(guò)程中，逐漸松開離合器踏板，壓盤在壓緊彈簧的作用下向前移動(dòng)，首先消除分離間隙，并在壓盤、從動(dòng)盤和飛輪工作表面上作用足夠的壓緊力；之后分離軸承在復(fù)位彈簧的作用下向后移動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生自由間隙，離合器接合。 離合器的調(diào)整： 　　離合器在使用過(guò)程中，從動(dòng)盤會(huì)因磨損而變薄，使自由間隙變小，最終會(huì)影響離合器的正常接合，所以離合器使用過(guò)一段時(shí)間后需要調(diào)整。離合器調(diào)整的目的是保證合適的自由間隙，離合器調(diào)整的部位和方法依具體車型而定。 壓盤是離合器的主動(dòng)部件，始終隨飛輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)凸臺(tái)、鍵或銷傳動(dòng)，使其與飛輪一同旋轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)壓盤又可以相對(duì)飛輪向后移動(dòng)，使離合器分離。從動(dòng)盤主要由從動(dòng)盤本體、摩擦片和從動(dòng)盤轂組成。 在離合器從分離到接合的過(guò)程中，摩擦片與飛輪和壓盤之間要發(fā)生摩擦，產(chǎn)生大量熱量。這些熱量需要及時(shí)散出，以避免摩擦片因溫度過(guò)高而損壞，所以在離合器蓋上都設(shè)有窗口，有的還制有導(dǎo)風(fēng)片，以加強(qiáng)其內(nèi)部的通風(fēng)散熱。 摩擦離合器的最常見的壓緊結(jié)構(gòu)就是螺旋彈簧和膜片彈簧，膜片彈簧離合器有推式和拉式兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。而螺旋彈簧離合器根據(jù)彈簧壓在壓盤上的方式分為周布彈簧和中央彈簧式。 離合器的操縱機(jī)構(gòu)分為機(jī)械式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)，液壓式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)，為了減少所需的離合器踏板力，又不致因傳動(dòng)裝置的傳動(dòng)比過(guò)大而加大踏板行程，在一些中重型貨車和某些轎車上采用了離合器踏板的助力裝置。另外還有一種氣壓助力式離合器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)利用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)空氣壓縮機(jī)作為主要的操縱能源，駕駛員的肌體作為輔助的或后備的操縱能源，多與汽車的氣壓制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)或其他氣動(dòng)設(shè)備共用一套壓縮空氣源。 　　膜片彈簧離合器是用膜片彈簧代替了一般螺旋彈簧以及分離桿機(jī)構(gòu)而做成的離合器，因?yàn)樗贾迷谥醒耄砸部伤阒醒霃椈呻x合器。 特點(diǎn) 優(yōu)點(diǎn) 1、膜片彈簧離合器所需作用力比螺旋彈簧離合器的作用力小的多，膜片彈簧離合器操作輕便。 　 2、膜片彈簧離合器本身兼壓緊彈簧和分離杠桿的作用，使離合器結(jié)構(gòu)大大簡(jiǎn)化并顯著地縮短了離合器的軸間尺寸；再者，膜片彈簧具有良好的非線性特性，設(shè)計(jì)合適可使摩擦片磨損到極限，壓緊力仍能維持很少改變，且減輕分離離合器時(shí)的踏板力，使操縱輕便。 　 3、由于膜片彈簧與壓盤的整個(gè)圓周接觸，使壓力分布均勻，摩擦片接觸良好，磨損均勻； 　　4、膜片彈簧是一種旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)稱零件，平衡性好，在高速下，其壓緊力降低很小，而周置的螺旋彈簧在高速下因受離心力作用會(huì)產(chǎn)生橫向撓曲，彈簧嚴(yán)重鼓出，從而降低對(duì)壓盤的壓緊力； 　　5、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的通風(fēng)散熱。 缺點(diǎn) 膜片彈簧離合器缺點(diǎn) 在一般的壓式膜片彈簧離合器中，在支承環(huán)磨損時(shí)，在膜片彈簧與支承環(huán)之間形成的間隙導(dǎo)致離合器踏板自由行程增大，但在拉式膜片彈簧離合器中能消除上述缺點(diǎn)。 九、公司簡(jiǎn)介 平高集團(tuán)機(jī)械動(dòng)力公司，位于河南省平頂山市南環(huán)路２２號(hào)，是一家中型綜合機(jī)械制造公司。公司主營(yíng)各種機(jī)械動(dòng)力設(shè)備及其配屬機(jī)構(gòu)，實(shí)力雄厚，員工眾多。 公司主要為平高集團(tuán)總公司供應(yīng)各式機(jī)械動(dòng)力機(jī)構(gòu)，包括離合器，提升機(jī)構(gòu)，傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)等。 平高集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司成立于1970年,通過(guò)30多年的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)高壓、超高壓及特高壓開關(guān)重大裝備研發(fā)制造基地，是首家通過(guò)中科院、科技部“雙高”認(rèn)證的高壓開關(guān)行業(yè)高新技術(shù)企業(yè)。 公司占地面積76萬(wàn)平方米，總資產(chǎn)66億，擁有國(guó)家級(jí)技術(shù)中心及河南省高壓電器研究所等研究開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)， 2007年實(shí)現(xiàn)銷售收入37億元,利稅總額5億，出口創(chuàng)匯突破4200萬(wàn)美元。公司擁有550 kV、800 kV、1100 kV高電壓等級(jí)GIS和GCB開關(guān)設(shè)備研發(fā)制造核心技術(shù)及自有知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，代表我國(guó)民族高壓開關(guān)制造水平，尤其是1100 kV級(jí)特高壓開關(guān)設(shè)備代表著世界高壓開關(guān)制造水平；曾多次承擔(dān)國(guó)家高壓開關(guān)重大裝備攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目，為我國(guó)電力建設(shè)提供了大量的開關(guān)裝備，為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)安全做出了貢獻(xiàn)，在國(guó)內(nèi)外具有很高的知名度和美譽(yù)度，其品牌、規(guī)模、實(shí)力和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力居國(guó)內(nèi)同行業(yè)前列。 公司現(xiàn)擁有二十多家分（子）公司，其中平高電氣2001年在滬上市（證券代碼為600312），擁有河南平高東芝高壓開關(guān)有限公司和平高安川開關(guān)電器有限公司2家中外合資公司，10個(gè)專業(yè)配套制造廠；擁有強(qiáng)大的營(yíng)銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)，擁有數(shù)十家駐外營(yíng)銷分支機(jī)構(gòu)及一支300多人的營(yíng)銷隊(duì)伍，分布于國(guó)內(nèi)各省市（臺(tái)灣省除外）及國(guó)際目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)。 十、心得體會(huì) 畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)的意義在于參與實(shí)際生產(chǎn)，在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中了解所研究課題的實(shí)際狀況和各方面要點(diǎn)及問(wèn)題，并鞏固自己所學(xué)的知識(shí)，為以后的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)鋪路架橋。 離合器是汽車的關(guān)鍵部件，其效用和可靠性直接影響整車行駛質(zhì)量和安全性。因此在離合器的設(shè)計(jì)和檢驗(yàn)中務(wù)必謹(jǐn)慎細(xì)心，不能有差錯(cuò)。實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中也要時(shí)刻注意檢查檢驗(yàn)，避免疏漏。 通過(guò)本次實(shí)習(xí)，我較為系統(tǒng)的了解了離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)及其運(yùn)作方式，對(duì)各式離合器的特點(diǎn)也有了一定的認(rèn)知，對(duì)我完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)以及今后踏入工作崗位有很大幫助。 河南理工大學(xué)萬(wàn)方科技學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）中期檢查表 指導(dǎo)教師： 張昌娟 職稱： 講師 所在院（系）： 機(jī)械與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)院 教研室（研究室）： 機(jī)械制造系 題 目 膜片彈簧式離合器 學(xué)生姓名 秦緒佳 專業(yè)班級(jí) 08機(jī)設(shè)3班 學(xué)號(hào) 0828070098 一、 選題質(zhì)量： 根據(jù)相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料及所做的分析預(yù)測(cè)得知從目前到將來(lái)離合器這一部件都將會(huì)伴隨著內(nèi)燃機(jī)一起存在，不可能在汽車上消失。隨著汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展，離合器需要在原有的基礎(chǔ)上不斷提高改進(jìn)，以適應(yīng)新的使用條件，隨著汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速及功率的不斷提高和汽車電子技術(shù)（ECU）的飛速發(fā)展，對(duì)離合器的要求越來(lái)越高，離合器的使用條件越來(lái)越苛刻。因此，提高離合器的可靠性和延長(zhǎng)期使用壽命，適應(yīng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的高轉(zhuǎn)速，增加離合器傳遞扭矩的能力和簡(jiǎn)化操作，亟待解決。 離合器屬于傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械零部件，其設(shè)計(jì)涵蓋大量機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及制造的大量知識(shí)，且難易程度適中。通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)不僅是對(duì)自己掌握知識(shí)的檢測(cè)及重新學(xué)習(xí)，更對(duì)知識(shí)的宏觀掌控、系統(tǒng)整合提出了要求，能夠很好地完場(chǎng)綜合訓(xùn)練的目的。 二、 開題報(bào)告完成情況： 開題報(bào)告已完成 通過(guò)閱讀相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)叢書，確定了明確的課題設(shè)計(jì)方向；對(duì)離合器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及工 作性能已經(jīng)有了一定的認(rèn)識(shí)了解。對(duì)零部件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)、分析。 三、 階段性成果： 1、 根據(jù)相關(guān)資料已完成總體方案的設(shè)計(jì)，并細(xì)化了方案，對(duì)各部件的設(shè)計(jì)做出了模塊 化設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃方案。 2、 查找了網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖書館根據(jù)課題進(jìn)行了英文文獻(xiàn)的選擇，現(xiàn)已完成了翻譯工作。 3、 對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)書籍進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)離合器的工作性能、結(jié)構(gòu)形式有了深入的 理解，進(jìn)行了基本結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及參數(shù)的選擇。 4、使用Pro-E完成了部分零部件的草繪。 四、 存在主要問(wèn)題： 1、開始時(shí)，不知道怎樣選擇原始數(shù)據(jù)，雖然相關(guān)書籍給出了基本結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、參數(shù)的選擇，但是不知道怎么整合到一起，在查看了多本相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)叢書并查閱了網(wǎng)上圖書館的信息，最后確定了粗略的基本機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸及參數(shù)的選擇，等待后續(xù)的校核、檢驗(yàn)。 2、設(shè)計(jì)課題是新知識(shí)，需要學(xué)習(xí)，所涵蓋的知識(shí)點(diǎn)比較綜合，由于專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)學(xué) 習(xí)不夠深入，設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)欠缺，一些問(wèn)題不能夠靈活的解決。 五、指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)學(xué)生在畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)中，勞動(dòng)、學(xué)習(xí)紀(jì)律及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)展等方面的評(píng)語(yǔ) 指導(dǎo)教師： （簽名） 年 月 日 2 外文資料與中文翻譯 外文資料 The diaphragm spring clutch profile [ Key word ] Diaphragm spring; nonlinear; friction plate First, clutch overview The so-called clutch, just as its name implies that is using "from" and "close" to deliver the right amount of power. Regarding the manual to block of models is concerned, the clutch is an important part of the car power system, it will have power and the engine cut off and connection between the work. In urban road sections or complex when driving, clutch became the most frequently used our one of the components and the clutch the stand or fall of use, directly reflect the driving of level, also reflected the stand or fall of protection for vehicles. Correctly use the clutch, and master the principle of clutch in special circumstances use clutch to solve the problem, is every block if car driving manual should grasp. Second, the clutch working principle By friction clutch piece, shrapnal, pressure plate and power output shaft composition, decorate in engine and transmission between, used to the engine flywheel stored in torque transfer to the gearbox, ensure the in different driving conditions on to the drive wheels right amount of driving force and torque, belongs to the category of powertrain. The clutch is divided into three working state, that is, not on the clutch type all, in part on the clutch type and a half (in half the time, clutch linkage power input and power output terminal allow rotation difference have, that is through the rotation speed difference to implement the transfer right amount of power), and on the clutch not by year-end. When the vehicle in normal road, pressure plate is tightly on the flywheel crowded friction slices, and the pressure plate and friction of the friction between the largest, input and output shaft axis between remained relatively static friction, both speed and in the same. When the car started, the driver on the clutch, the clutch pedal sports pull the pressure plate lean back, also is the pressure plate and friction piece of separation, right now the pressure plate and the flywheel completely not contact, are relatively friction. The last one, also is the clutch type half state. At this time, pressure plate and friction piece of friction small type in state. Clutch disc and the flywheel of friction between sliding friction is state. The flywheel is greater than the speed of output shaft speed, from the flywheel transmission out of power transfer to the gearbox. At this time between the engine and the drive wheels is equivalent to a soft link state. Third, the application of the clutch Generally speaking, the clutch is in the vehicle when start and shift work; the transmission shaft and the second shaft rotation difference between, the power of the engine and must be a shaft after cut, synchronizer to will be a very good one axis and keep the speed of the second shaft synchronization, block a hang into later, again through the clutch and a shaft engine power combination to make power to continue to transmission. 1. Ensure smooth car started Before starting car dormant, and transmission is rigid even if the engine connect of, once hung up the file, the car will be connected to the power before suddenly suddenly blunt, not only will cause damage to the parts, and driving force was enough to overcome before the car produced a blunt force, make the engine speed sharply down. If the use of the clutch temporarily started the engine and transmission separate, then the clutch gradually junction, because of the active part of the clutch and part driven exists between the friction phenomenon, can make the clutch came out of the torque by zero increase gradually, but the car driving force also increase gradually, thus let the car started smoothly. 2. Easy to shift The course of driving cars, often for a different gear transmission, in order to adapt to the constantly changing driving conditions. If no clutch of engine and transmission will temporarily separation, then in the power transmission gearbox meshing gears for load will not discharge is divided, the meshing between tooth face a lot of pressure and hard to separate. Another treat meshing gears for both circumference speed will differ and hard to mesh. Even if force their way into meshing will have a great impact the tooth, easy attaint parts. Use the clutch make the engine and transmission temporarily separation after the shift, the original meshing pair gear for load unloading, meshing face the pressure between greatly decreases, and is easy to separate. And for another couple of meshing gears, active gear and engine because separated inertia is small, adopting appropriate shift action can make to the meshing gears circumference speed equal or close to equal, so as to avoid or reduce the impact of the gear wheel. 3. To prevent transmission overload Auto emergency braking, the sudden drop speed, and connected with the engine the transmission system for rotary inertia, still keep original speed, this often in transmission systems produce far outweigh the engine torque of inertia, make the transmission parts damage easily. Because the clutch is to rely on to deliver the friction torque, so when the transmission in load than what message friction torque, the Lord of the clutch, driven part will automatically sliding, and rose to prevent transmission overload role. 4. Reduce the impact of torsional vibration The engine's working principle decided their output torque is not even. In power stroke, the combustion chamber gas explosion have great impact torque, and in other stroke, but by inertia counter drag engine. Although the engine itself to have the rotation inertia can reduce the torsional vibration, but the rest of the impact on subsequent transmissions, and still produce adverse effect to drive shaft. The vibration reduction and clutch spring (tangential distribution), can significantly reduce the impact of torsional vibration of the engine bring, and extend the life of the sliding gears. The working principle of the clutch The active part of the clutch and driven by surface of the friction between the role, or to use liquid as transmission medium (hydraulic coupler), or a magnetic transmission (electromagnetic clutch) to transfer torque, make both between can temporarily separation, and gradually joints, in the course of transmission and allow the two part turn each other. At present in the car is widely used in spring pressure tight friction clutch (referred to as "friction clutch). The engine gave forth torque, through the flywheel and pressure plate and driven plate surface friction role, to the driven plate. When pilots on the clutch pedal through the part of transmission, make the diaphragm spring main drive the pressure plate back, this time with the active part of the separation of the driven. Fourth, clutch should satisfy the basic requirements Friction clutch should be able to meet the following basic requirements: (1) ensure that can deliver a maximum torque of the engine, and there is a certain transmission torque force. (2) can do separation, complete separation, engage in soft, and has good heat capacity. (3) the driven part of the rotational inertia as low as possible some. So, in separation and clutch shift, and transmission of the part of the input shaft connected speed is easy to change, and reducing the impact between gear. (4) with ease rotation direction impact, the direction of the vibration attenuation capability, and little noise. (5) the pressure plate of pressure and friction of the friction coefficient change small, stable work. (6) effortless manipulation, maintenance is convenient. In the clutch, and an indispensable buffer device, it consists of two similar to the flywheel disc to together, in a rectangular groove on the disk, decorate in the slots spring, in meet the intense shock, two disks of the spring happened between each other elastic role, buffer to external stimuli. Effective protection the engine and the clutch. In the clutch of each parts, pressure plate spring intensity, friction piece of the friction coefficient, clutch diameter, number and position of friction clutch is the key factor to clutch performance, the stiffness of hydropneumatic spring, the bigger the friction piece of the friction coefficient is high, the diameter of the clutch, the bigger the clutch performance and also more good. Fifth, the classification of the clutch clutch Clutch is located in between the engine and transmission of the flywheel crust, screwed the clutch assembly fixed in the flywheel after the plane, clutch output shaft is gearbox input shaft. In the course of driving cars, the brakes according to need or loosen the clutch pedal, make the engine and transmission temporarily separation and gradually joints, or transfer to cut off the engine to the transmission of the input power. Clutch profile clutch function 1. Ensure smooth car started 2. Easy to shift 3. To prevent transmission overload 4. Reduce the impact of torsional vibration The classification of the clutch The clutch classification national standards GBT10043-2003 clutch of friction type clutch, hydraulic torque converter (hydraulic coupler), electromagnetic clutch to wait for a few kinds. Friction type clutch and divided into wet and dry type two kinds. Hydraulic coupling By working liquid (oil) transmission torque, shell and pump wheels is an organic whole repeatedly, is active thing; Turbine and pump wheels relative, is a follower. When the pump impeller speed is low, turbine can't is driven, active and a follower in separation between state; With the improvement of the wheel speed pump, turbine is driven, active and a follower in state between junction. Electromagnetic clutch By the power of the coil to control the clutch of joint and separation. As in the initiative and follower placed between magnetic powder, can strengthen the force between the two meet, such clutch called magnetic powder type electromagnetic clutch. At present, combined with manual transmission of most of the clutch for dry friction type clutch, according to the number of the driven plate, and divided into the single disc, double disc and more disc to wait for a few kinds. Wet friction type clutch disc for the general, dip in oil in order to heat dissipation. Using several spiral spring as pressure spring, and will these spring along the pressure plate of the distribution of the circumference of the clutch called weeks cloth spring clutch. The diaphragm spring as pressure of the spring clutch called diaphragm spring clutch. Automatic clutch As the electronic technology in cars application, a kind of automatic clutch system also entered the automobile field. This from the control unit (ECU) control of the clutch has been used in some cars, make manual transmission shift one important step-the clutch disconnection and joints can automatically timely complete, simplify the driver's control movement. Traditional clutch points have arrows and hydraulic pressure type two kinds, automatic clutch also divided into two kinds: machine motor type automatic clutch and hydraulic pressure type automatic clutch. Machine motor type automatic clutch the ECU pooling the accelerator pedal, engine speed sensor, speed sensor signal, the processed send command servo motor drive, through the bars, and other machinery and form the clutch driven action; The hydraulic automatic clutch is by ECU send signal drive electric hydraulic system, through the hydraulic control clutch action. The hydraulic automatic clutch of the general in the basis of diaphragm clutch increased the electronic control unit (ECU) and hydraulic execution system, will control the clutch pedal oil cylinder piston to the switch equipment control electric pump to manipulate the clutch oil cylinder piston. The transmission control unit (ECU) and engine control unit (ECU) is integrated together, according to the accelerator pedal, transmission gear, transmission input/output shaft speed, the engine speed, the throttle valve and the feedback information of sensors, and calculates the clutch of joint best time and speed. Automatic clutch executive branch by electric fuel pump, electromagnetic valve and clutch oil cylinder composed, when ECU issue commands drive electric pump, electric pump the high pressure generated by the electromagnetic valve oil transport to clutch oil cylinder. Through the ECU control of electric solenoid valve to control the flow of oil and the oil flow channel transform, realize the clutch oil cylinder piston movement, thus completing car starting, shift the action when the clutch. ECU with automatic clutch of the car with automatic transmission device (AT) and step-less transmission (CVT) compared to cars, it has an advantage in running economy, because of it of transmission or manual transmission, therefore lower fuel consumption, production costs are lower than AT and CVT. Of course, the convenience of vehicle handling will favor AT and CVT. After all, it is the assembly manual transmission, still want to stick shift. Sixth, clutch unusual problem Note the clutch is sliding, cause the cause of this kind of phenomenon has a few kinds, the main reason is the clutch free trip is too small, bearings often pressure in the diaphragm spring, make the pressure plate is always in the half separated. Or is the clutch disc spring too soft or have broken, the clutch and the flywheel connection screw loose, etc. In engine idling state, on the clutch pedal almost touch the bottom, to cut off the clutch. On the clutch pedal, feel hang block difficulties or gears appeared harsh crash, or hang after block doesn't lift the clutch, the vehicles start driving, this suggests that the clutch is not complete. On the clutch pedal to 3/4, clutch should be firm joints, or check their trip is appropriate, available in the pedal ruler in measurement, first measure the highest position high pedal, then measured on the pedal to feel the height of the resistance, the difference of the two is the car trip clutch numerical. If in the use of the clutch appeared in the process of abnormal sound is not normal. The fault reason bearings is worn, bearing of the return of the spring is too soft or broken, the diaphragm spring stents have problem and so on. Seventh, clutch parts Each clutch is the following parts: (1)Active part: the flywheel, pressure plate, clutch cover, etc.; (2)The driven parts: driven plate, the driven shaft (i.e. first transmission shaft); (3) pressure parts: press the spring; (4) control mechanisms: separation lever, separation lever supporting columns, the swinging pin, separation sleeve, bearings, clutch pedal, etc. Eighth, friction type clutch basic structure theory On the analysis of the working process of the clutch, before the first master the following general term: Free gap: clutch engaging, bearings and separation before end of the gap between end leverage. Separation gap: clutch, driven plate surface and the flywheel and before and after the gaps between pressure plate surface. The clutch free trip: from the clutch on the freedom to eliminate the gap of the corresponding pedal stroke is a free trip. The clutch pedal working travel: the elimination of freedom after clearance, continue to on the clutch pedal, will produce a separation gap, this process of the corresponding pedal stroke is a work schedule. The clutch work process may be divided into separation process and jointing process in the separation process, on the clutch pedal, in a free trip to eliminate the freedom of the clutch in first gap, and then in the work schedule within the separation clearance, clutch release. In the jointing process, gradually loosen the clutch pedal, pressure plate in spring pressure under the action of moving forward, first eliminate separation clearance and in the pressure plate, driven plate and the flywheel work surface effect enough compaction force; Bearings after in under the action of reposition spring back mobile, produce free clearance, clutch engaging. The clutch adjustments: The clutch is in use process, driven plate for wear and will become thinner, and make the freedom clearance decrescent, will eventually affect the clutch normal answered close, so the clutch use over time need to adjust. The clutch adjustment the aim is to guarantee the freedom of appropriate clearance, the clutch The whole of the parts and methods in specific models and decide. The pressure plate is active components of the clutch, always with the flywheel spinning can usually be through the convex platform, key or pin transmission, together with the flywheel spinning turn, at the same time, pressure plate and can move back relatively the flywheel, make the clutch. Driven plate mainly by the driven plate ontology, friction piece and driven set up the hub. In the clutch from separation to reveal the process, friction piece with the flywheel and the pressure plate to friction between, produce a lot of heat. this some heat need timely spread out, in order to avoid friction piece for the temperature too high to damage, so in the clutch cover sets window, some still system a guide of the wind, in order to strengthen their internal ventilation cooling. The most common friction clutch pressure structure is spiral spring and diaphragm spring, diaphragm spring clutch have push type and rumsfeld two kind of structure. And the spiral spring clutch according to spring pressure in the way the pressure plate is divided into weeks cloth spring and the central spring type. The clutch operation into mechanical operation, hydraulic operation, in order to reduce the clutch pedal force. And not for transmission excessive transmission ratio and increase the pedal stroke, in some powered mechanical truck and some car used on the clutch. Board of power device. Another is pressure power type clutch control mechanism using engine driving air compressor as a major exercise. The energy, the driver's body as auxiliary or backup manipulate energy, and the automobile air brake system or other of pneumatic equipment With a set of compressed air source. The diaphragm spring clutch is to use the diaphragm spring instead of general spiral spring and separation stem institutions and make it of the clutch, because it cloth. Buy in the center, so also can calculate the central spring clutch. characteristics advantages 1, the diaphragm spring clutch force spiral spring clutch than needed, the power of the small, diaphragm spring clutch operation light. 2, the diaphragm spring clutch itself and press the spring and separation leverage in the role of the clutch structure greatly simplified and significantly reduced The clutch between shaft size; Moreover, the diaphragm spring has good nonlinear characteristics, design can make the right of friction wear to the limit. Compaction force can still maintain little changed, and reduce the separation of the clutch pedal force, to manipulate light. 3, because the diaphragm spring and the pressure plate the circumference of the contact, the pressure distribution uniformity, good contacts of friction and wear uniform; 4, the diaphragm spring is a rotational symmetrical parts, symmetrical, in high speed, the compaction force reduce small, and weeks for a spiral Spring in high speed by centrifugal force role will the transverse bending, spring serious drum out, which can reduce the pressure plate to the compaction force; 5 and easy to realize good ventilation cooling. Faults The diaphragm spring clutch shortcomings In ge