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1、 OVERVIEW OF TENSES 1:1. simple present（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）2. present continuous（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）3. present perfect（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）4. present perfect continuous （現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）Present tenses are used to talk about the present time. These tenses include:現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。地理老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 太陽東升西落。太陽東升西落。

2、The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.I. the simple present tense一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1 表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理. (不受時(shí)態(tài)限制不受時(shí)態(tài)限制) 他每天晚飯后散步。他每天晚飯后散步。 我們總是相互關(guān)心相互幫助。我們總是相互關(guān)心相互幫助。He takes a walk after supper every day.We always care for each other

3、and help each other.2. 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)狀態(tài), 常和常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀等表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。語連用。 斯密斯先生討厭魚而且從來不吃。斯密斯先生討厭魚而且從來不吃。 瑪麗英語和法語都說的很好?，旣愑⒄Z和法語都說的很好。Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any.Mary speaks both English and French very well.3. 表

4、示主語的特征、性格、能力等。表示主語的特征、性格、能力等。4. 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的肯定會出現(xiàn)的動作或表示安排或計(jì)劃好的肯定會出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)。 飛機(jī)上午飛機(jī)上午10點(diǎn)起飛。點(diǎn)起飛。 明天是星期三。明天是星期三。The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.Tomorrow is Wednesday.如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會議。如果明天下雨我們將不得不推遲會議。 除非老板同意，否則我不能走。除非老板同意，否則我不能走。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.I cant le

5、ave unless my boss agrees.5. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)表示將來If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.Notes: if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall 或或will 表示意愿，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。表示意愿，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。 - What are you doing? - I am writing a letter.Its raining heavily now, so

6、 we must stay inside.II. The present continuous tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)行時(shí)1 表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。簡在學(xué)習(xí)法律而她的姐姐在學(xué)習(xí)物理。簡在學(xué)習(xí)法律而她的姐姐在學(xué)習(xí)物理。他正在一邊教英語一邊學(xué)中文。他正在一邊教英語一邊學(xué)中文。Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.2. 表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作。表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作。 I am meeting Mr

7、. Wang tonight. 我計(jì)劃今年去青島過暑假。我計(jì)劃今年去青島過暑假。 飛機(jī)即將飛往倫敦。飛機(jī)即將飛往倫敦。 我今晚要去見王先生。我今晚要去見王先生。I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year.The plane is leaving for London soon.3. 表示按計(jì)劃近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動作。表示按計(jì)劃近期內(nèi)即將發(fā)生的動作。 The girl is always talking loud in public. 她經(jīng)常借錢卻忘記還。她經(jīng)常借錢卻忘記還。 她不停地抱怨她不停地抱怨(complain)自己的命運(yùn)不

8、自己的命運(yùn)不好好(fate)。 那個(gè)女孩總愛當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。那個(gè)女孩總愛當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.She is constantly complaining about her fate.4. 與與always often 等頻度副詞連用表示經(jīng)常等頻度副詞連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或某種感情色彩。反復(fù)的行為或某種感情色彩。A 表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞 like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish,

9、agree, mean, needB 表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend onC 表示瞬間動作的動詞表示瞬間動作的動詞 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, completeD 表示感官的動詞表示感官的動詞 see, hear, notice, smell, sound, taste, lookNotes: 以下四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。以下四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Practice:1. 1.Ma ling _in Shanghai, but sh

10、e _in Beijing at the moment. (live)2. A big building_ in the centre of the city. A girl _at the gate of the store. (stand)livesis living standsis standingPractice:1. 1.The plane _(take) off at 10:00.2. 2.I _(leave) tomorrow.takesam leavinga scheduled future actiona planned future actionPractice:I al

11、ways _(have) a cup of coffee in the morning, but I_ always _(forget) to wash the cup afterwards. haveforgettingam He has hosted the show eight times. 貝利克克里斯托已經(jīng)出演過多部電影和貝利克克里斯托已經(jīng)出演過多部電影和電電劇。劇。 我們已去過長城多次。我們已去過長城多次。Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows.We have been to the Great Wall

12、many times.他已經(jīng)連續(xù)八次主持表演。他已經(jīng)連續(xù)八次主持表演。III. The present perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的經(jīng)歷表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的經(jīng)歷He has paid his income tax.醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常大笑的人長壽。醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常大笑的人長壽。 他已經(jīng)交了個(gè)人所得稅。他已經(jīng)交了個(gè)人所得稅。Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer!2. 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍留下表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在仍留下某種后果和影響。某種后果和影響。3. 表示動作發(fā)生在過

13、去但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示動作發(fā)生在過去但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。My mother has been ill for three days.我們大部分人已經(jīng)學(xué)了我們大部分人已經(jīng)學(xué)了5 5年英語了。年英語了。我媽媽已經(jīng)生病我媽媽已經(jīng)生病3 3天。天。Most of us have studied English for 5 years. Its/ It has been 3 years since they got married. Its the first time that I have been to the Great Wall. This is the most interesting film t

14、hat I have seen.4. 4. 下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is (has been) +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 since +從句從句This (That/ It ) is the first (second) time that + 完成時(shí)完成時(shí)This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting.+that+完成時(shí)完成時(shí) If you have done the experiment, youll understand the theory better. Dont get off the bus

15、 until it has stopped.如果你做完試驗(yàn)，你會更好地理解如果你做完試驗(yàn)，你會更好地理解這個(gè)理論的。這個(gè)理論的。車停穩(wěn)之前，別忙著下車。車停穩(wěn)之前，別忙著下車。Notes: 在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)。時(shí)間上有差異：時(shí)間上有差異：凡有具體的過去時(shí)間，均凡有具體的過去時(shí)間，均用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)，如：用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。等。結(jié)果上有差異：結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在”的

16、影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛的影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的動完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。注意區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意區(qū)分一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Chinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years. 中國造紙的歷史已有中國造紙的歷史已有2000多年了。多年了。IV. the present perfect continuous tense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，這

17、個(gè)動作可能剛剛結(jié)束，也在的動作，這個(gè)動作可能剛剛結(jié)束，也可能還要繼續(xù)下去?？赡苓€要繼續(xù)下去。The children have been watching TV all morning.孩子們一上午一直在看電視。孩子們一上午一直在看電視。Doctors have been researching that question for many years.多年來，醫(yī)生們一直在研究這個(gè)問題。多年來，醫(yī)生們一直在研究這個(gè)問題。They have been widening the road.They have widened the road.他們已加寬了馬路，已完工。他們已加寬了馬路，已完工。他們

18、在加寬馬路，但尚未完工。他們在加寬馬路，但尚未完工。continuation Recently Mary has been doing her work regularlyRecently Mary has done her work regularlyI _(認(rèn)識認(rèn)識) him for many years.All these years we _(設(shè)設(shè)法法) to get in touch with you.They _(結(jié)婚結(jié)婚) for twenty years.All along we _ (考考慮慮) coming to see you.have knownhave been ma

19、rriedhave been tryinghave been consideringPRACTICE:I_ tired, but happy today. I _ my play since January, and now I _ for actors to perform in it. It _ exciting to think of them saying the words I _ for months. I have already found one enthusiastic actor who _super.amhave been writingam lookingishave

20、 been imaginingis He _ a film right now, but _ to be in a play for many years. I _several advertisements for my play. We _them next week. Tickets _ on sale next week. Writing _ tough work, but I _ it will all be worthwhile, and I will be famous when the play _.is making has been planning have designed are printingare going ishope opens Answers part A:1. am 8. has been planning2. have been writing 9. have designed3. am looking 10. are printing4. is 11. are going5.have been imagining 12. is6. is 13. hope7. is making 14. opens am performinghave been practisingis comingam