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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,Chapter 8 Training and Development,Objectives and Goals,Theories and Principles of Training.,Orientation,Process of Training and Development,Modes and Techniques of Training,Training and Developing Employees,Behavioral Objectives,After studying this chapte

2、r,you should be able to:,Describe,the basic training process.,Explain,the nature of at least five training techniques.,Discuss,what management development is and why its important.,Describe,the five on-and off-the-job development techniques.,Explain,why training evaluation is important and how it is

3、 best accomplished.,Chapter Outline,Orienting Employees,The Training Process,Training techniques,Training for Special Purposes,Managerial Development and Training Techniques.,Evaluating the Training Effort,Key words,employee orientation,A procedure for providing new employees with basic back-ground

4、information about the firm.,training,The process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs.,Key words,task analysis,A detailed study of a job to identify the skills required so that an appropriate training program may be instituted.,performance analysis,Verifying tha

5、t there is a performance deficiency and determining whether that deficiency should be rectified through training or through some other means(such as transferring the employee).,Key words,on-the-job training(OJT),Training a person to learn a job while working at it.,job instruction training(JIT),List

6、ing of each jobs basic tasks,along with key points in order to provide step-by-step training for employees.,Key words,programmed learning,A systematic method for teaching job skills involving presenting questions or facts,allowing the person to respond,and giving the learner immediate feedback on th

7、e accuracy of his or her answers.,vestibule or simulated training,Training employees on special off-the-job equipment,as in airplane pilot training,whereby training costs and hazards can be reduced.,Key words,management development,Any attempt to improve current or future management performance by i

8、mparting knowledge,changing attitudes,or increasing skills.,succession planning,A process through which senior-level openings are planned for and eventually filled.,Key words,job rotation,A management training technique that involves moving a trainee from department to department to broaden his or h

9、er experience and identify strong and weak points.,action learning,A training technique by which management trainees are allowed to work full time analyzing and solving problems in other departments.,Key words,case study method,A development method in which the manager is presented with a written de

10、scription of an organizational problem to diagnose and solve.,management game,A development technique in which teams of managers compete with one another by making computerized decisions regarding realistic but simulated companies.,Key words,role playing,A training technique in which trainees act ou

11、t the parts of people in a realistic management situation.,behavior modeling,A training technique in which trainees are first shown good management techniques in a film,are then asked to play roles in a simulated situation,and are then given feedback and praise by their supervisor.,Key words,in-hous

12、e development centers,A company-based method for exposing prospective managers to realistic exercises to develop improved management skills.,controlled experimentation,Formal methods for testing the effectiveness of a training program,preferably with before-and-after tests and a control group.,Objec

13、tives and Goals,Definition,Goals and Objectives,Relation with other HRM activities,Definition,Training and development are planned efforts to facilitate the learning ob job-related behavior on the part of the employees.,Goals and Objectives,Goals of training and development,The goal of training and

14、development is to enhance employee quality and motivation so as to improve productivity and meet future needs of the organization.,Objectives of training and development:,Meet organization needs.,Meet individual needs.,Improve productivity satisfaction.,(3)Relation with other HRM activities,Task ana

15、lysis:the basis for developing training programs,strategies and materials.,HR planning:guidelines for training and development programs.,Performance appraisals:identifying training needs.,Organization development:identifying training needs.,2.Theories and Principles of Training,Reinforcement theory,

16、Goal-setting theory,Expectancy theory,Application of the theories,Basic principles of learning,Reinforcement theory(Skinner,B.F.),The frequency of behavior is influenced by its consequences.,Three major types of consequences:,Positive reinforcement:reward desirable behavior.,Negative reinforcement:withhold punishments to force the adoption of desirable behavior.,Punishment:punish undesirable behavior.,(2)Goal-setting theory(Locke,E.A),Ones conscious goals or intentions regulate his/her behavior.