《2020年考研英語(yǔ)1真題答案及解析》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2020年考研英語(yǔ)1真題答案及解析（24頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)一真題及答案Section I Use of English 　　Directions: 　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 　　People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At

2、first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theor

3、ised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。 　　To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant

4、should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。 　　He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous facto

5、rs into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。 　　Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candid

6、ate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would othe

7、rwise have been 20 。 　　1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 　　2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 　　3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external 　　4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all 　　5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] th

8、oughtless 　　6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 　　7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless 　　8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success 　　9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 　　10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified 　　11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible

9、 [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 　　12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 　　13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged 　　14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took 　　15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather 　　16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduce

10、d 　　17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below 　　18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 　　19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard 　　20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful 　　Section II Reading Comprehension 　　Part A 　　Directions: 　　Read the follow

11、ing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) 　　Text 1 　　In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion

12、doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment。 　　This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more o

13、ut of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand mor

14、e precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By off

15、ering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace。 　　The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius store

16、s around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals。 　　Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothi

17、ng ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste。 　　Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduc

18、ed her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off。 　　Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts t

19、o curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; peop

20、le will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to。 　　21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her 　　[A] poor bargaining skill。 　　[B] insensitivity to fashion。 　　[C] obsession with high fashion。 　　[D] lack of imagination。 　　22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urg

21、e consumers to 　　[A] combat unnecessary waste。 　　[B] shut out the feverish fashion world。 　　[C] resist the influence of advertisements。 　　[D] shop for their garments more frequently。 　　23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to 　　[A] accusation。 　　[B] enthusiasm。 　　[

22、C] indifference。 　　[D] tolerance。 　　24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? 　　[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists。 　　[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability。 　　[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments。 　　[D] Pricing is vital

23、 to environment-friendly purchasing。 　　25. What is the subject of the text? 　　[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle。 　　[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth。 　　[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry。 　　[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret。 　　Text 2 　　An old saying has it that half of all

24、advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy。 　　In the past couple of

25、 weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission? 　　In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a

26、"do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed tha

27、t the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests。 　　On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default。 　　It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyo

28、ne to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway。 　　Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all

29、, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some

30、 of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple? 　　26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: 　　[A] ease

31、 competition among themselves 　　[B] lower their operational costs 　　[C] avoid complaints from consumers 　　[D] provide better online services 　　27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: 　　[A] online advertisers 　　[B] e-commerce conductors 　　[C] digital information analysis 　　[D] internet

32、browser developers 　　28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default 　　[A] many cut the number of junk ads 　　[B] fails to affect the ad industry 　　[C] will not benefit consumers 　　[D] goes against human nature 　　29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? 　　[A] DNT may no

33、t serve its intended purpose 　　[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT 　　[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers 　　[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 　　30. The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: 　　[A] indulgence 　　[B] underst

34、anding 　　[C] appreciaction 　　[D] skepticism 　　Text 3 　　Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to loo

35、k forward to。 　　But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds

36、, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living in the deep future”). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCNs "Red List" of threatened species, and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting

37、in an overall population decline." 　　So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to pr

38、oject the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence。 　　Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that

39、we should recognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera right back and asking what humanitys impact will be on the planet - in the context of stratigraphic time。 　　Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more i

40、mmediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publicatio

41、n dedicated to the near future。 　　But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to ma

42、ke evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves。 　　This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals

43、may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, and to make a future worth livin

44、g in。 　　31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by 　　[A] our desire for ares of fulfillment 　　[B] our faith in science and teched 　　[C] our awareness of potential risks 　　[D] our bdief in equal opportunity 　　32. The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings on 　　[A] a sustained species

45、 　　[B] the word’s deminant power 　　[C] a threat to the environment 　　[D] a misplaced race 　　33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? 　　[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies。 　　[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem。 　　[C] The interest in science

46、 fiction is on the rise。 　　[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive。 　　34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to 　　[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources。 　　[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world。 　　[C] draw on our experience from the past。 　　[D] curb our ambition to re

47、shape history。 　　35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 　　[A] Uncertainty about Our Future 　　[B] Evolution of the Human Species 　　[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind。 　　[D] Science, Technology and Humanity。 　　Text 4 　　Text 4 　　On a five to three vote, the Supre

48、me Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the

49、 states。 　　In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Na

50、turalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones。 　　Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close

51、 to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers。 　　However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in

52、contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues。 　　Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed wi

53、th this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts。 　　The 8-0 objection to President

54、Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the Whit

55、e House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with 。 　　Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to ch

56、eck immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim。 　　36. Three provisions of Arizona’

57、s plan were overturned because they 　　[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers。 　　[B] disturbed the power balance between different states。 　　[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law。 　　[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies。 　　37. On which of the f

58、ollowing did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? 　　[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information。 　　[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law。 　　[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement。 　　[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement。

59、　　38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts 　　[A] violated the Constitution。 　　[B] undermined the states’ interests。 　　[C] supported the federal statute。 　　[D] stood in favor of the states。 　　39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement 　　[A] outweigh

60、s that held by the states。 　　[B] is dependent on the states’ support。 　　[C] is established by federal statutes。 　　[D] rarely goes against state laws。 　　40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? 　　[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress。 　　[B] Justices intended to check th

61、e power of the Administrstion。 　　[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress。 　　[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues。 　　Part B 　　Directions: 　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one

62、 from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) 　　The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fie

63、lds in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. 　　Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges includin

64、g climate change, security,sustainable development and health。(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity。 　　(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scie