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1、準(zhǔn)備階段 PART 寫作的要求及注意事項(xiàng) 寫作占 15分，考試時(shí)間為 30分鐘。字?jǐn)?shù) 不少于 150個(gè)詞?？荚囆问綖楦鶕?jù)提綱作 文、看圖作文、描述圖表或根據(jù)一篇所 給的文章寫出內(nèi)容提要或讀后感。 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) （ 1） 滿分為 15分。 （ 2） 分五等： 14分、 11分、 8分、 5分及 2分。 （ 3） 14分 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；?本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。 11分 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量錯(cuò)誤。 8分 基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫； 語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 5分 基本切

2、題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ) 言錯(cuò)誤。 2分 條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子有錯(cuò)誤， 且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 注意事項(xiàng) 1切題最重要 2表達(dá)要通順 3思路要連貫 4字?jǐn)?shù)要符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 5檢查不可少 6卷面要整潔 英語(yǔ)寫作的基本方法和技巧 一、寫作過(guò)程 1審題 2列出提綱 3拓展成文 在列出提綱基礎(chǔ)上，開(kāi)始把相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞、相 關(guān)的短語(yǔ)或相關(guān)的短句貫穿起來(lái)，正式寫出完 整的句子。 在引言部分應(yīng)該點(diǎn)明全文的中心思想。正文部 分可以根據(jù)具體情況對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析和論證。 正文的每一部分最好安排相應(yīng)的分支主題句， 從不同

3、的側(cè)面對(duì)本文的中心思想進(jìn)行解釋、分 析和論證。而且每一段落中的所有句子都必須 圍繞著這個(gè)特定的分支主題句，詳細(xì)展開(kāi)內(nèi)容。 每個(gè)段落的主題都必須與文章的主題相呼應(yīng)。 段落與段落之間還應(yīng)該具有銜接性，以保持文 章的整體性。開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)單扼要，正 文應(yīng)具體而充實(shí)地表現(xiàn)主題。 PART 寫作的具體技巧 如何寫好段落 段落是由表達(dá)單一中心思想的一組句子， 包括主題句（ the topic sentence）、 拓 展句（ the supporting sentence） 以及收 尾句（ the concluding sentence）， 是文 章結(jié)構(gòu)的基本獨(dú)立單位。 主題句 主

4、題句是表達(dá)段落主題的句子。它用以 概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都圍 繞它展開(kāi)。 Sending cards to friends and relatives is a popular way to greet the New Year. When the New Year is drawing near， beautiful cards of various shapes and designs are displayed in many shops. Many people， especially the young， buy them at any cost and send

5、them to their friends and relatives. Generally speaking， each of us will receive dozens of cards. 2.如何寫好主題句 段落的主題句對(duì)主題的限定主要是通過(guò) 句中的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)表現(xiàn)。關(guān)鍵詞要盡量寫 得具體些。 一：要具體到能控制和限制段落的發(fā)展； 二：是要具體到能說(shuō)明段落發(fā)展的方法。 American people are always cheated. A: Some Americans are always cheated when they trade cars. B: Americ

6、an people are always cheated by TV advertisements. She tries to improve her appearance. A: There are some reasons why she tries to improve her looks. B: She tries many ways to improve her looks. 2.拓展句 （ 1）主要拓展句 其特點(diǎn)是圍繞段落主題句展開(kāi)的每一個(gè) 拓展句本身都不要求作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明或 證明，句與句之間的關(guān)系是相互對(duì)立又 是互相連接的。 There are several

7、factors affecting climate. One factor is the mount of sunlight received. Altitude, or the height above sea level, also determines climate. The oceans have an effect on the climate of adjacent land. In addition, climate is influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere. (2)次要拓展句 其特點(diǎn)是對(duì)主要

8、拓展句作進(jìn)一步的事實(shí) 分析和舉例說(shuō)明。它從屬于某一個(gè)或幾 個(gè)拓展句。 I choose to teach because teaching is not easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking- stomach profession. Red-eye, because

9、I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, , because Im always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than u

10、sual. (3)主要拓展句和次要拓展句的關(guān)系 1） 每個(gè)主要拓展句都應(yīng)該對(duì)主題句中表 示主要思想的關(guān)鍵詞的直接、明確的說(shuō) 明。 2） 每個(gè)次要拓展句都應(yīng)該說(shuō)明它的主要 拓展句。 3） 要說(shuō)明或分析一個(gè)問(wèn)題既要有主要拓 展素材又要有次要拓展素材。 （ 4） 寫好拓展句的方法 主題句和關(guān)鍵詞確定后，開(kāi)始選擇和主 題有關(guān)的信息和素材。常用的方法就是 句子展開(kāi)前加以設(shè)問(wèn)，然后回答，即設(shè) 問(wèn) 解答的方法。 假設(shè) (suppose) Topic sentence: English is an international language. 設(shè)問(wèn) (why) Why ca

11、n we say English is an international language? 解答 (because) Because: English is spoken by pilots and airport control operators in all the airways of the world. Because: over 70 percent of the worlds mail is written in English. Because: More than 60 percent of the worlds radio programs are in En

12、glish. Because: Many Chinese students study hard at English. Because: Many members of the International Language Society are selected from English- spoken countries. 二 .段落展開(kāi)的方法 1列舉法 通過(guò)用具體的事例來(lái)闡述某一問(wèn)題、或者證實(shí) 某一概念的正確性。在分析時(shí)，可以采用列舉 的方式來(lái)說(shuō)明所側(cè)重的不同方面。列舉的方面 至少要有三個(gè)，還要適當(dāng)添加過(guò)渡詞。如： for one thing for another, f

13、inally, besides, moreover, one another, still another, first, second, also . Studies have indicated a number of values to reading and reciting, as opposed to reading alone. For one thing, when you read something with the knowledge that you must soon recite what you have read, you are more likely t

14、o be motivated to remember and less likely to become inattentive. Moreover, recitation provides immediate knowledge of results, so that you can see how well you are doing and adjust and modify your responses accordingly. Finally, recitation provides active practice in recalling the material you wish

15、 ultimately to retain. Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didnt hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didnt read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my cof

16、fee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadnt gone to the meeting. Then I didnt notice a sign on a door that said “Wet Paint” and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldnt get

17、into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand. 舉例法也是列舉法的一種，常用的連詞 有： for example, one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy com

18、petitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can alw

19、ays find more than one sports that are suitable to them. 2.因果分析法 The role of women in todays society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.