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1、x跨座式單軌車輛架車裝置及其改進(jìn) 車輛走行裝置 技術(shù)裝備 重慶跨座式單軌車輛 架車裝置及其改進(jìn) 賀　觀 漆　偉 陳　波 摘 要：重慶市跨座式單軌車運(yùn)行以來(lái)，換輪架車使用了鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)、液 車是沿用日本的方法，采用鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)（圖３）來(lái)支撐車體。首先用沉降梁裝置將車體頂高３０ｍｍ左右縫隙后在軌道梁上墊上木方，然后從軌道梁的兩側(cè)分別將兩個(gè)鋼架抬放到木方之上，用來(lái)支撐車體，放置妥當(dāng)后用螺桿連接緊固后，將車體落下，這兩個(gè)鋼架就將車體支撐起來(lái)，確認(rèn)支護(hù)牢固方可落下沉降梁以及轉(zhuǎn) 壓同步頂升裝置來(lái)支撐車體。介紹跨座式單軌車換輪采用液壓同步頂升裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但仍存在不足，需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)，為此，提出采

2、用固定式液壓同步頂升裝置，并指出其設(shè)計(jì)中要注意的問(wèn)題。 關(guān)鍵詞： 跨座式單軌車；換輪；架車；液壓頂升裝置；技術(shù)改造 跨座式單軌車的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行源于輪胎與ＰＣ梁面間的摩擦，這種摩擦造成了胎面磨損。為了保證列車的運(yùn)營(yíng)安全，一般情況下輪胎走行１０萬(wàn)ｋｍ就要更換?？缱絾诬壾嚫鼘Ｓ迷O(shè)備——沉降梁，如圖２所示。轉(zhuǎn)向架與車體分離前需要把車體支撐在軌道梁上，并保證支撐安全和穩(wěn)定，這個(gè)過(guò)程稱之為架車。將轉(zhuǎn)向架與車體分離后降下，然后進(jìn)行換輪作業(yè)。 ０　　引言 跨座式單軌交通屬于城市軌道交通的一種，車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架騎跨在單根ＰＣ軌道梁上運(yùn)行，它能在大坡度、小半徑曲線的區(qū)間穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，特坡度多、曲線多且半徑小的復(fù)雜地

3、形條件，目前已在我國(guó)重慶軌道交通２號(hào)線上采用。 跨座式單軌車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架較為獨(dú)特，轉(zhuǎn)向架構(gòu)架由橫梁、側(cè)梁、端梁及導(dǎo)向、穩(wěn)定車輪的支承架構(gòu)成，其內(nèi)部設(shè)有空氣彈簧的輔助空氣室；走行輪軸為單懸臂式，輪胎安裝在輪輞上，輪心通過(guò)軸承支承在空心軸套上。每個(gè)輪軸上裝有２個(gè)填充氮?dú)獾匿撔鞠鹉z走行輪，走行輪通過(guò)懸臂軸固定在轉(zhuǎn)向架構(gòu)架上，便于輪胎更換。單軌車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架如圖１所示。 別適合重慶市區(qū)地面高低相差懸殊、換輪胎需要利用換輪 圖１跨座式單軌車輛轉(zhuǎn)向架 １早期采用的鋼架 結(jié)構(gòu)裝置 重慶市跨座式單軌車輛試運(yùn)行初期架 圖２ 換輪用沉降梁 賀　觀：重慶市軌道交通（集團(tuán)）有限公司，高級(jí)工程師，重慶　４００

4、０５１ 26 MODERN URBAN TRANSIT5xMODERN URBAN TRANSIT 技術(shù)裝備 ３ 液壓同步頂升裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn) （１）大大節(jié)約了勞動(dòng)時(shí)間，提高了工作效率。以前架車必須由４人至少需要０．５ｈ才能完成，現(xiàn)在采用同步頂升架車裝置后只需要２個(gè)人花費(fèi)５ｍｉｎ就能完成。采用鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)支撐，在拆裝非動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向架時(shí)，因?yàn)槲恢锚M小必須要將前裙板拆卸才能放置鋼架梁，拆裝前裙板時(shí)要拆卸大而且，列車前群板是由鋁件鍛壓而成，經(jīng)常拆卸，易導(dǎo)致前群板的變形而難以恢復(fù)。采用液壓同步頂升裝置，由于千斤頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)比較小巧，不提高了工作效率。 （２）降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，消除了安全隱患。由于鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)重，

5、要想從地面移到軌道梁上，需要耗費(fèi)大量的體力，而且由于架車位置狹小且鋼架的體積過(guò)于龐大，在將鋼架放置于木方上時(shí)十分困難，只有慢慢移動(dòng)才能將其放置妥當(dāng)，其勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度可想而知。采用液壓同步頂升裝置，因?yàn)榍Ы镯數(shù)馁|(zhì)量只有１０ｋｇ左右且體積較小，所以，容易放置于木方之上，大大降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，同時(shí)也消除了架車裝置落下傷人或損傷設(shè)備的安全隱患。 （３）安全性大大提高。因?yàn)橐簤和巾斏b置的千斤頂有機(jī)械自鎖功能，即使在液壓裝置密封件出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，壓力被卸以后，也能通過(guò)鎖緊螺母鎖住千斤頂，不會(huì)因?yàn)樾秹憾鴮?dǎo)致車體的垮塌。同時(shí)由于是同在轉(zhuǎn)向架落下之后車體能夠平穩(wěn)放置于軌道梁上，可避免車體傾斜受力不均而導(dǎo)致車體變形。

6、重慶跨座式單軌車輛架車裝置及其改進(jìn)賀　觀等 ４液壓同步頂升裝置 軌 道 的改進(jìn) 現(xiàn)有液壓同步頂升裝置充其量只能算是早期鋼架架車方式不得已的改進(jìn)，仍然需要搭梯作業(yè)和自下而上的傳遞，每換一次仍必須重復(fù)安裝、拆卸，仍有失手傷人的可 將換輪過(guò)程中架車工序的問(wèn)題徹底解決。 將頂升裝置設(shè)計(jì)為安裝在與沉降梁相鄰的軌道梁梁端的固定設(shè)備，著軌道梁縱向?yàn)樾录由系墓潭ㄊ巾攲㈨斏b置放置于特制的鋼制結(jié)構(gòu)中，這個(gè)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的斷面外形尺寸與軌道梁相同，以滿足換輪作業(yè)的單軌車輛順利通過(guò)軌道梁的要求。頂升裝置的鋼架與軌道梁端面用預(yù)埋螺栓固定，安裝完成后，單軌列車開(kāi)行到相應(yīng)的位置，就可以通過(guò)頂升裝置進(jìn)行架車工作。

7、固定式液壓頂升裝置設(shè)計(jì)中要考慮以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。 （１）采用兩段式升程設(shè)計(jì)，以解決油缸升程較高而產(chǎn)生的穩(wěn)定性變差的問(wèn)題。頂升裝置工作時(shí)先將其下部基礎(chǔ)升起，待接近后再啟動(dòng)上部油缸頂升并支撐車體。車體抬高后在裝置側(cè)面插入安全銷，確保不會(huì)出現(xiàn)車體下降。 （２）預(yù)埋在軌道梁端面的螺栓慮較大的安全系數(shù)和冗余，以確保整個(gè)裝置的使用安全。 （３）盡量考慮使用工具將液壓 圖８ 梁 頂升裝置 沉 降 梁 軌 道 梁 固定式液壓同步頂升裝置 量的螺絲，拆裝一次至少需要２ｈ，能。為此，需要改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)， 頂升裝置便捷地安裝到軌道梁端面，有利于日后維修拆卸。 ５結(jié)束語(yǔ) 采用固定式液壓頂升裝置

8、，是 需要將前裙板拆下就可以直接架車，為此，要縮短現(xiàn)有沉降梁尺寸，在沿 為解決生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的實(shí)際困難，有目通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)思路的拓展，把現(xiàn)場(chǎng)輔助工藝裝備轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱憾斯潭ㄑb置，可以極大地降低操作者的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，大大縮短換輪的輔助時(shí)間，生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安全性問(wèn)題也可以得到徹底的解決。在重慶軌道交通３號(hào)線的換輪沉降梁裝置的設(shè)計(jì)中，此項(xiàng)改進(jìn)已經(jīng)付諸實(shí)施。 參考文獻(xiàn) ［１］仲建華．重慶跨座式單軌交通 ［Ｊ］．都市快軌交通，２００４，１７（５）． ［２］胥春先．跨座式單軌車轉(zhuǎn)向架 測(cè)試系統(tǒng)研究［Ｊ］．現(xiàn)代城市軌道交通，２００８（２）． ［３］周慶瑞，金鋒．新型城市軌道交 通［Ｍ］．北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社，２００

9、５． 收稿日期２０１０－０７－２７ 升裝置留出安裝空間。如圖８所示。的、有針對(duì)性的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)改造措施。 步頂升，２個(gè)千斤頂所升高度相同，承受較大的剪切載荷，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)考 28 MODERN URBAN TRANSIT5/x現(xiàn)代城市軌道交通 ABSTRACTS Promotion for Equipment Self-innovation Process of Transit ——Development Strategy of Self-innovation Transit Signal System in ChinaDing Jianlong1In order to ensure

10、 the success of signal system (CBTC) jointlydeveloped by China Academy of Railway Sciences and GuangzhouMetro Company, the self-innovation implementation strategies of sig-nal system, such as the current basic conditions of localization, thetechnical route of self-innovation, the establishment of pr

11、oduct certi-fication system, as well as implementing national policy and creatingdevelopment environment of science and democracy are also describedand analyzed. New-type Under-floor Lifting Jack for Maintenance of Mul-tiple Units Zhang Shushen, Liu Guangdan, Yu Guizhong, et al.5Taking the railway

12、 multiple units as examples, the structurecharacteristics, maintenance mode and methods of rail transit mul-tiple units are introduced. DDT-I under-floor lifting jack with self-invented technology solves the general problems of under-floor lift-ing jack both at home and apoad. Its design principle w

13、ith universalsignificance completely fulfills the maintenance requirements of ur-ban rail transit multiple units. Solution of Special Telephone in Urban Rail Transit Chen Dongfa15 Combining with the construction experiences of Suzhou Metro Line1 and 2, the construction schemes for special telepho

14、ne system of railtransit are analyzed and compared. Then, the scheme of safe and reli-able digital dispatching telephone system with advanced technologyis presented. Lifting Equipment of Chongqing Straddle-Type Monorail Vehicleand Its ImprovementHe Guan, Qi Wei, Chen Bo26 After the operation of str

15、addle-type monorail vehicle in Chongqing,the lifting jack for wheel changing uses steel framework structureand hydraulic synchronous lifting equipment to support car body.The advantages and the further improvement of hydraulic synchro-nous lifting equipment applied by the straddle-type monorail vehi

16、clefor wheel changing are introduced. The adoption of fixed hydraulicsynchronous lifting equipment is suggested, and the problems whichshould be noticed in design are indicated. Analysis on Rail Damping Design of Urban Rail Transit Guo Jicheng29 Based on the vipation mechanism of rail transit and

17、 the rail damp-ing principle, the rail damping design of urban rail transit and itsdamping measures are studied. Application of Grouting Reinforcement by Sleeve Valve Pipe inProtection of Viaduct Pile Foundation Xu Furong, Li Qiuquan33 Before the construction of deep foundation pit of Xi’an Metro

18、Line 1, the nearby viaduct foundation needs grouting reinforcementby sleeve valve pipe. From the aspects of reinforcement assumption,construction implementation and reinforcement effect, the techni-cal measures for reinforcement by sleeve valve pipe are discussed. Force Analysis on Turnover Board o

19、f Locking Device in Straddle-Type Monorail TurnoutWu Shuqiang35The load of turnover board of locking device in straddle-type mono-rail turnout is analyzed. According to the different conditions, theforce to turnover board is calculated in detail, and the intensity ofturnover board is corrected by ap

20、plying finite element analysis soft-ware COSMOSWorks in Solidworks. Design of Fully-closed Noise Barrier in Shanghai Rail TransitLine 6Ma Na38The design and noise reduction effect of fully-closed noise barrierin Shanghai Rail Transit Line 6 are introduced. The steel frameworkof noise barrier is use

21、d in the overhead catenary simultaneously re-ducing the volume and project cost. The max practical noise reduc-tion effect of fully-closed noise barrier is up to 23 dB(A), and theaverage is about 20 dB(A). Strengthening Enterprise Management and Improving EconomicBenefit Dong Chunmei48Under the bac

22、kground of economic globalization and marketization,the enterprise economic benefit and market competition must beimproved. From the aspect of strengthening the enterprise internalmanagement, the thinking and approaches improving the economicbenefit of manufacture enterprises are presented in order

23、to continu-ously perfect and create the enterprise internal management.Discussion of Automatic Train Operation Subsystem Design forIntercity Rail TransitXi Bo51Aiming at traits of intercity rail transit, this paper analyzes the sub-system implementations of Automatic Train Operation System (ATO)in U

24、rban Rail Traffic. In the aspects of system functions, device con-figuration and the working principle, the paper, combined with theengineering conditions, discusses the ATO function design imple-mented by the signaling system of intercity rail transit. Study on Application of Build-Transfer (BT) M

25、ode in Construc-tion of Urban Rail TransitSheng Yuping54The original construction mode of urban rail transit fully domi-nated by the government cannot meet the requirement of new age sothe BT mode emerges under the new situation. The successful appli-cation experiences of BT mode in construction of

26、domestic urban railtransit, as well as the problems and difficulties existed during theimplementation process are introduced. The improvement measuresare also presented. Research on Reliability-Centered Vehicle Maintenance Systemwith Minimal Maintenance Period of　Two Days Fan Zhongsheng, Zhou Weib

27、ing59 The reliability-centered vehicle maintenance system establishedby Shenzhen Metro Line 3 is introduced. The minimal period of twodays is realized in the initial routine maintenance of vehicle. The pro-cess and achievements of“two-day maintenance”are presented. Themethods, procedures and experiences for establishing the reliability-centered vehicle maintenance system are described. The practical sig-nificance and development trend for establishing the vehicle mainte-nance system of urban rail transit are discussed.