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中華人民共和國行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Field Standard of People’s Republic of China 建筑機(jī)械使用安全技術(shù)規(guī)范 Specification for Safety Use of Construction Equipment JGJ 33-2003 J 119-2001 2001, Beijing  2001, Beijing 1 1 General Principle 4 2 General stipulation 4 3 Power and electrical device 5 3.2 Internal-combustion Engine 6 3.3 Power Generator 7 3.4 Engine 7 3.5 Air compressor 8 3.6 Power distribution unit less than 10kV 9 3.7 Portable electrical tool 11 4. Lifting equipment 12 4.2 Caterpillar Crane 13 4.3 Automobile or Wheel type lift equipment 14 4.4 Tower crane 15 4.5 Mast crane 18 4.6 Gantry crane and electrical hoist 19 4.7 windlass 20 5. Equipment for earth and stone work 21 5.1 basic requirement 21 5.2 Excavator 24 5.3 Loader excavator 25 5.4 Bulldozer 26 5.5 Trailer type scraper 27 5.6 Automobile scraper 28 5.7 Static action road roller 29 5.8 Vibration roller 30 5.9 grader 30 5.10 Wheel loader 31 5.11 Frog type rammer 32 5.12 Vibration rammer 33 5.13 Wind-driven charge 33 5.14 Electrical drill 34 5.15 Drill trolley 35 5.16 Rock loader 35 6 Horizontal and vertical transportation equipment 36 6.2 Load truck 37 6.3 Dump lorry 38 6.4 Platform trailer 38 6.5 Oil tank 39 6.6 Cement truck 39 6.7 Tip lorry 40 6.8 belt conveyor 40 6.9 Forklift 41 6.10 Headframe and platform type lift 41 6.11 Self-standing shearleg 42 6.12 Construction elevator 42 7 Piling rig and water pump 43 7.2 Diesel piling hammer 44 7.3 Vibration hammer 45 7.4 Caterpillar piling rig 46 7.5 Static piling rig 47 7.6 Strong hamming equipment 48 7.7 Disk drill 49 7.8 Whirl drill 50 7.9 Tube drill 51 7.10 Centrifugal pump 52 7.11 Submerge pump 53 7.12 Deep well pump 53 7.13 Slurry pump 54 8 Concrete Machinery 55 9 Machinery for Rebar Processing 69 10 Fitment Machinery 76 11 Machine for Plate Work and Conduit Work 80 12 Machine for rivet welding 84 Attachment A The Application of the Construction Machinery during the Breaking in Period 95 Attachment B the Application of the Construction Machine in the Cold Season 97 Attachment C the Application of the Hydraulic Device 99 1 General Principle 1.0.1 This specification is developed for the purpose of safety and efficient use of kinds of machine. 1.0.2 This specification is applicable to building, installation, industry production and maintenance. 1.0.3 For use of the building machine, this specification shall be used together with other national current mandatory code. 2 General stipulation 2.0.1 The machine operator shall be in good health and shall be undergo specific training and with certificate. 2.0.2 During working, the machine operator is forbidden to leave the post with the machine on or let the machine operated by a person without certificate. The driver cabin shall be closed to those person without business. 2.0.3 The machine shall be preserved per the stipulation regularly. 2.0.4 If the machine is operated in shift, the hand over record shall be properly made. 2.0.5 The worker shall be wear Personal Protection Equipment during operation. When work in height, safety belt shall be equipped. 2.0.6 Road, water and power shall be made available to the machine. Any unsafe factor shall be removed. Sufficient lighting shall be available for night work. 2.0.7 After mobilized to the work site, the technical person shall make technical presentation to the operator making them familiar with the work and environment. 2.0.8 The machine shall be used in strict compliance with the technical performance, bearing capacity, operating condition etc. 2.0.9 All devices of monitoring, indication, instrument, alarming device shall be in good condition. The machine with incomplete or invalid safety protection device shall not be put into operation. 2.0.10 Machine with trouble can’t be used. 2.0.11 Any instruction against this specification can be ignored. 2.0.12 New machine or machine after overhaul shall be checked and tested to JGJ34 and shall meet requirements of attachment A. 2.0.13 If the machine is used in cold weather, it shall meet requirement of attachment B. 2.0.14 Area for machine park shall be guarded by specific person and shall be equipped with fire fighting device. Fire extinguisher shall be available for large internal-combustion machine. It is forbidden to store any flammable material around the machine. 2.0.15 Area of high risk such as substation, acetylene station, oxygen station, air compressor, generator, boiler house etc shall be barricaded with warning sign. 2.0.16 In places where the machine can cause gas, liquid, dust, radiograph, noise etc which is harmful to human body, relevant safety protection device shall be equipped. In construction of tunnel and dip well, measures shall be taken to keep the detrimental material within limit requirement. 2.0.17 When use of machine conflict with safety, safety go first. 2.0.18 Any machine out of service for more than one month shall be well preserved and custody. 2.0.19 Lubricant for machine shall be in accordance with machine instruction book. 2.0.20 In case of heavy machine accident, report shall be given to the boss immediately, the site shall be well protected, investigation shall be made. 2.0.21 When truck or wheel type machine run on the road or express way, the transportation management regulation of PRC shall be abided by. 2.0.22 For those new machine not covered by this specification, it can be used only after development of its safety technical operation stipulation. 3 Power and electrical device 3.1.1 Fixed type power machine shall be installed on in-door foundation. Movable power machine shall be in horizontal position. The house of inner-combustion engine shall be well vented with 1m access around. Vent pipe shall be connected to outdoors and can’t contact with flammable material. When used outdoors, the power machine shall be covered by shelter. 3.1.2 Water for cooling system shall be clean and softened. 3.1.3 Fuel oil and lubricant oil shall be to specification in the instruction book. 3.1.4 Metal shell of electrical equipment shall be grounded and shall meet following requirement: (1) Protection grounding: protection grounding shall be used for those electrical equipment with neutral point not directly grounded. Grounding resistance of the grounding net shall not be more than 4Ω. (2) Protection zero connection: It is used for those electrical equipment with neutral point directly connected to the ground. 3.1.5 In the same power supply system, it is forbidden to apply protection grounding to some equipment while use protection zero connection to the others. 3.1.6 No switch or fuse on zero line of protection zero connection. 3.1.7 it is strictly forbidden to use earth as the working zero line. It is also forbidden to use metal structure of the equipment as the zero line. 3.1.8 Each protection grounding or protection zero shall be separated. 3.1.9 Rated working voltage of electrical equipment shall be identical to the power voltage. 3.1.10 In case of power trip, it is forbidden to get power on without investigation of the reason. 3.1.11 It is forbidden to work with power on. Before maintenance, cut the power and put on the warning tag WORKING IS UNDERGOING, NO SWITH ON. 3.1.12 Safety locks shall be equipped to power distribution box and switch box. Those boxes shall be kept clean. The boxes shall be locked after each shift. 3.1.13 When clean the machine, no spray of water to the electrical part. 3.1.14 In case of electrical shock, cut the power and make emergency rescue to the involved person. 3.1.15 In case of fire to electrical equipment or circuit, cut the power. Water or foam fire extinguisher can’t be used to electrical equipment. 3.1.16 Measurement of insulation resistance shall be done by using 60s insulation resistance: 60s insulation resistance ratio shall be used for measurement of adsorption ratio. 3.2 Internal-combustion Engine 3.2.1 Before operation, following check shall be done: (1) Level of lubricant oil of crankcase is within limit. (2) Cooling system is free of leakage, sufficient in water. Tightness of the triangle glue of the fan is proper. (3) Sufficient fuel in fuel case and no leakage. (4) Connection is firm and solid. 3.2.2 before start up of the internal-combustion engine, clutch is in apart position. For those diesel engine, it there is a pressure reduction device, switch on the pressure reduction device first. 3.2.3 When start up the gasoline engine by handle, lift it from lower to upper. When start up the engine by string, it is forbidden to wrangle the string on the hand. 3.2.4 When start up the diesel engine by lower generator, the start up time shall no more than 5min. 3.2.5 After start up, make it run at low speed for 3~5min. Right operation can be started when the temperature and pressure come to right level. 3.2.6 During working, if the temperature of the internal-combustion engine is too higher, it shall not be stopped immediately, instead it shall be run to lower speed to reduce the temperature. It is forbidden to pour water for quick temperature reducing. 3.2.7 The engine shall be stopped for repair in case of any abnormality such as abnormal noise, taste or quick increase of water temperature or quick reducing of oil pressure. 3.2.8 Before stop of the engine, unload the engine, let it run at mediate speed. After the temperature come down, stop it. 3.2.9 For those internal-combustion engine with pressure reducing device, it can’t be stopped by pressure reducing rod. 3.3 Power Generator 3.3.1 For those generator which power by internal-combustion engine, the engine shall meet above requirement. 3.3.2 For those generator which are new, overhauled or stopped for more than 10 days, before re-use, the insulation resistance and adsorption ratio shall be measured for stator and excitation circuit. Insulation resistance of stator shall not be less than 30% of last time. Insulation resistance of excitation circuit shall not be less than 0.5Ω, adsorption ratio shall not be less than 1.3. 3.3.3 Before using, check the transmission part of internal-combustion engine and generator for its reliable connection, insulation. 3.3.4 Before start up, put the resistance of excitation at maximum, then turn off the main power out switch, turn on the grounding switch of neutral point. 3.3.5 After start up, check the running status. Only after the frequency, pressure come to right level, can it supply power. 3.3.6 When the generator start running, it is supposed that all electrical equipment is powered on. 3.3.7 The max. And min. allowable voltage shall not exceed ±10% of the rated one. Right working voltage shall be within ±5% of the rated one. 3.3.8 When generate works at rated frequency, the changing scope shall be within ±0.5HZ. 3.3.9 Power factor shall not exceed 0.95 lag. 3.3.10 During running of the generator, regular check shall be done to ensure right indication of instrument and right running of each part. Current for stator and rotor shall not exceed allowable one. 3.3.11 Before stop, turn off the main switch of each power supply branch, then turn off the main switch of power supply of the generator. Reset the resistance of excitation to the maximum one, reduce the voltage to minimum. 3.4 Engine 3.4.1 For those engines which have been stopped for long time or wet, the insulation resistance shall be measured before using, it shall not be less than 0.5Ω. 3.4.2 Overload or leakage protection device shall be provided to engine. Operation switch shall be equipped to each engine. 3.4.3. Rated current of fuse of engine shall be selected to following: (1) Rated current of fuse of each individual engine is 150~250% of the rated current of engine. (2) Rated current of integral fuse for several engines is 150~250% of the rated current of the maximum engine plus rated current of other engine. Right fuse specification is to table 3.4.3. Table 3.4.3 Fuse specification specification Diameter (mm) Fusion current (A) Max. Safety working current (A) Lead-zinc alloy fuse (lead 75%, zinc 25%) 0.508 0.559 0.610 0.71 0.813 0.915 1.22 1.63 1.83 2.03 2.34 2.65 2.95 3.26 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 10.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 27.0 32.0 37.0 44.0 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.3 4.1 4.8 7.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 18.0 22.0 26.0 30.0 3.4.4 When heat relay is used for overload protection of engine, its capacity shall be 100~125% of rated current of the engine. 3.4.5 contact area of collection ring and brush shall not be less than 75% of the full contact area. 3.4.6 Surface the direction conversion of DC engine shall be clean. It shall be repaired in case of mechanical abrasion or flame burn. 3.4.7 When rated voltage of the engine changes within –5%~+10%, the engine can keep continuous run at rated power. 3.4.8 During running, the engine shall be free from noise, leakage and abnormal bearing temperature. Max. Allowable temperate for the motor during running shall be as following: slip bearing temperature 80℃, roller bearing temperature 95℃. 3.4.9 It is forbidden to make opposite direction running during its right operation. 3.4.10 In case of power off during its right operation, cut the power first, then put the start switch at OFF position. 3.4.11 Before stop, unload the engine or reduce the speed to the minimum, then cut the power and set the start switch at OFF position. 3.5 Air compressor 3.5.1 Internal-combustion engine and engine of the air compressor shall meet requirements of 3.2 and 3.4 of this specification. 3.5.2 Working area of air compressor shall be clean and dry. Air tank shall be put in a well-vented area. There shall be no welding or heat job within 15m to the air container. 3.5.3 When inlet and outlet pipe of the air compressor is long, they shall be fixed. 3.5.4 Water pressure test shall be done to the air tank and air transportation line at least once each three years. Test pressure shall be 150% of the rated one. Pressure gauge and safety valve shall be calibrated at least once per year. 3.5.5 Following checks shall be done before operation: (1) sufficient fuel oil and lubricant oil (2) All connection part is tight, running mechanism and valve is flexible. (3) All protection device all in good condition. (4) Grounding of shell of engine and starter is good with grounding resistance no more than 4Ω. 3.5.6 The air compressor shall be started without load and run in empty in low speed after starting. When all indexes come to right value, it can be run with load. 3.5.7 The gas transmission pipe shall be clean and without torsion. No standing in front of the outlet of the gas transmission pipe. 3.5.8 Pressure in the air tank shall not be more than that on the nameplate. 3.5.9 After 2hs work, discharge the oily water from the liquid gas separator, intermediate cooler and after cooler. 3.5.10 The compressor shall be stopped for check in case of the following phenomena: (1) Water, gas or electricity leakage, or suddenly stop of cooling water. (2) Indication of pressure gauge, temperature gauge and ammeter is more than requirement. (3) Discharge pressure increase suddenly. Malfunction of discharge valve and safety valve. (4) Abnormal noise of mechanism or strong flame of brush of the motor. 3.5.11 During running, if the cylinder is overheat due to short of water, cool the cylinder to less than 60℃ then feed in water. 3.5.12 In case of power off during running of the compressor, cut the power. And restart it in no-load till power available. 3.5.13 When power off, unload the compressor, apart the main clutch then stop running of internal-combustion or engine. 3.5.14 After stop of compressor, close the valve of cooling water, open the gas vent valves, discharge all the oily water and gas in all cooler and storage tanks. 3.5.15 When doing construction in moisture area or in tunnel, fill in the lubricant oil regularly to the exposed surface of the compressor. 3.6 Power distribution unit less than 10kV 3.6.1 Construction power and HV and LV power distribution unit shall be maintained by specific person, and shall be undergo overhaul and clean in power off once half a year. 3.6.2 Ceramic glove of switch of HV lubricant oil shall be in good condition. No leakage of the oil tank, the oil level and quality shall be normal. 3.6.3 Switch for HV oil shall be checked before reuse after stop or repair. 3.6.4 Isolate switch shall be checked once per quarter. The ceramic item shall be free from crack and discharge. 3.6.5 Lightening system shall be tested before rain season with grounding resistance measured. 3.6.6 Insulation resistance of LV electrical equipment shall not be less than 0.5MΩ. 3.6.7 TN-S zero connection protection system shall be used for specific circuit with neutral directly connected to the earth. All metal shell of the electrical equipment at construction site shall be connected to the specific zero line. 3.6.8 Ends of main wire and branch wire of the LV power supply circuit at construction site as well as protection zero line shall be grounded at interval of 1km. 3.6.9 Two level leakage protection systems shall be furnished to the LV circuit net at the construction site. The rated leakage action current and time shall be in reasonable ratio. The system shall also can perform in-stage protection. 3.6.10 Leakage protection system shall be in conformance with requirement of GB6839. 3.6.11 Rated leakage action current in the power distribution box or switch box shall not be more than 30mA, rated leakage action time shall be less than 0.1s. Leakage protection device used in wet or corrosive area shall be spatter proof type with the leakage action current less than 15mA and time less than 0.1s. 3.6.12 For load line for portable tool or powered equipment, copper core cable with rubber shield without connection shall be used according to its capacity. Performance of the load line shall meet requirement of GB1169. The green/yellow double color line can only be used as protection zero line or duplicate grounding line in all conditions. 3.6.13 In area of flammable, explosive or corrosive, explosion proof LV electrical equipment shall be applied. 3.6.14 Rated current of fuse in all level shall be reasonably selected. It is forbidden to use wire or copper wire to substitute fuse. 3.6.15 Rain prevention facility shall be furnished to the power distribution box and switch at the construction site. 3.6.16 Specific switch shall be furnished for each powered construction equipment. Policy of one switch for one equipment shall be applied. 3.6.17 It is forbidden to bind the power line directly to the metal frame. 3.6.18 Section area of overhead wire shall meet requirement of current bearing capacity, the voltage loss shall not be more than 5%. In addition, section area of the wire shall meet requirement of strength: section area of aluminum wire shall not be less than 16mm2, section area of copper wire shall not be less than 10 mm2. Direct distance of the wire to the ground at construction site shall be over 4m, distance from wire to building and scaffold shall be over 4m. 3.6.19 It is forbidden to use bakelite switch with ceramic bottom for power switch when the capacity of power distribution box is above 15kW. 3.6.20 Voltage level for lighting shall meet following requirements: (1) 22OV for right place. (2) The lighting fixture shall be less than 2.4m from the ground in tunnel and in area of high temperature and electrical conduct dust, the voltage shall not be more than 36v. (3) No more than 24v in area of wet and electriferous contact. (4) No more than 12v in area of strong electricity conducting, severe wet or i