固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯,固定,卷揚(yáng),啟閉,模糊,優(yōu)化,外文,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,中英文 固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化 前言 長期以來,水利水電工程固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)(簡稱啟閉機(jī)) 的設(shè)計一直沿用經(jīng)驗的類比設(shè)計方法,不僅所需的設(shè)計周期較長,而且只在少數(shù)幾個方案中進(jìn)行比較分析, 沒有精確的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量所選擇方案的優(yōu)劣,一般很難得到近乎最優(yōu)的設(shè)計方案。隨著電子計算機(jī)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,可以建立一種設(shè)計過程自動選取最優(yōu)方案的有效方 法,即優(yōu)化設(shè)計。這種設(shè)計方法是數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃與計算機(jī)技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,能夠成為解決復(fù)雜設(shè)計問題的一種工具。然而,由于設(shè)計中某些因素如載荷性質(zhì)、材質(zhì)優(yōu)劣很難用確定的數(shù)學(xué)量表示,導(dǎo)致了設(shè)計的模糊性。普通優(yōu)化方法沒有考慮這些模糊因素的影響,缺乏處理模糊概念的手段和方法,把許多因素人為地當(dāng)成確定的或隨機(jī)性地進(jìn)行處理,往往漏掉了真正的優(yōu)化方案,甚至帶來矛盾的結(jié)果。這就是啟閉機(jī)普通優(yōu)化設(shè)計難以真正被工程技術(shù)人員接受的根本原因所在。啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化能夠克服普通優(yōu)化的缺點(diǎn),它研究啟閉機(jī)優(yōu)化過程中普遍存在的模糊性,運(yùn)用模糊數(shù)學(xué)的原理, 系統(tǒng)地分析整機(jī)及其滑輪機(jī)構(gòu)、卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動機(jī)構(gòu)、機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)、電氣系統(tǒng)等各機(jī)構(gòu)的內(nèi)在和外在聯(lián)系,合理地確定和計算各項參數(shù),以期達(dá)到最優(yōu)化的目的。采用模糊優(yōu)化設(shè)計不僅可以突破傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計格局,克服經(jīng)驗的、類比的或采用由許多假設(shè)和簡化導(dǎo)出的計算公式進(jìn)行設(shè)計、校核、計算時的諸多局限,而且可以克服普通優(yōu)化設(shè)計無視模糊問題,采用剛性的約束條件的缺點(diǎn),使復(fù)雜問題模糊化,變精確的約束條 件為模糊約束條件,使設(shè)計更快速、更精確、更可靠、更方便。這一方法可以大大縮短設(shè)計周期,降低產(chǎn)品材料消耗,提高產(chǎn)品精度和性能,并獲得巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。因此, 啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化將成為本行業(yè)眾多研究人員追求的目標(biāo)。 1 模糊優(yōu)化研究綜述 1.1 模糊技術(shù) 1965 年, 美國California 大學(xué)L. A. zadeh教授首次提出了Fuzzy (模糊) 集 論的概念,經(jīng) M. Sugeno 、汪培莊等眾多學(xué)者的努力,于70 年代末建立了比較完善的模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論體系。在模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的高新技術(shù)———模糊技術(shù)雖只有20 余年的歷史,但它在機(jī)械、電氣、化工、輕工、航空航天、土木、地質(zhì)、水利、氣象、企業(yè)管理和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)等領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展勢頭迅猛,其應(yīng)用已創(chuàng)造了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益。日本為了確保21 世紀(jì)的競爭力,確定了模糊基礎(chǔ)研究、模糊計算機(jī)、機(jī)器智能、人機(jī)系統(tǒng)、人與社會系統(tǒng)、自然系統(tǒng)等六個模糊技術(shù)的重點(diǎn)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域。美國不甘落后,重點(diǎn)討論模糊邏輯與神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的 結(jié)合問題,并舉辦過一次國際性的模糊技術(shù)研討會。法國順應(yīng)潮流地成立了神經(jīng)模糊研究所,用以全面地計劃開發(fā)模糊技術(shù)。德國的電子和信息部門也把模糊技術(shù)作為重要的研究課題之一。美國市場信息研究公司(MIBC) 最新調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,到本世紀(jì)末,模糊技術(shù)的世界市場將比現(xiàn)在大30 倍。模糊技術(shù)的研究在日、美、德、法、韓等國已成果累累。我國在模糊技術(shù)的研究方面具有自己的特色,主要表現(xiàn)在模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論研究實力較強(qiáng),但缺乏學(xué)科間的交叉,應(yīng)用背景不明顯,研究的驅(qū)動力不強(qiáng),實際應(yīng)用研究更是薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。 1.2 模糊機(jī)械學(xué) 近10 年來,國內(nèi)外一些機(jī)械科學(xué)工作者正在不斷努力,使用模糊方法將機(jī)械科學(xué)中一切能用經(jīng)典集合描述的概念、原理和方法加以推廣,采用模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論來刻劃人們對復(fù)雜的、動態(tài)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的模糊性的認(rèn)識,逐步形成和完善了模糊機(jī)械科學(xué)與技術(shù)的理論體系,模糊機(jī)械學(xué)已經(jīng)研究或正在研究的課題有: (1) 人工智能與模糊專家系統(tǒng); (2) 模糊機(jī)器人技術(shù); (3) 模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò); (4) 模糊控制理論及應(yīng)用; (5) 模糊識別與故障診斷 (6) 模糊綜合評判; (7) 模糊聚類; (8) 模糊優(yōu)化; (9) 模糊可靠性。 所有這些研究課題都取得了研究成果并正在取得重要進(jìn)展。 1.3 機(jī)械模糊優(yōu)化 在機(jī)械零部件和機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中,設(shè)計的優(yōu)劣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、材料強(qiáng)度及適用范圍、某些載荷的分布和性質(zhì)等,尤其是著眼于經(jīng)濟(jì)和效益的優(yōu)化指標(biāo),都具有模糊性,應(yīng)用模糊優(yōu)化理論能夠?qū)?設(shè)計中的模糊因素和模糊信息定量化,通過合理給定約束函數(shù)、目標(biāo)函數(shù)的容許值、期望值及其模糊分布函數(shù)來體現(xiàn)專家的經(jīng)驗、觀點(diǎn)和某些公認(rèn)的設(shè)計準(zhǔn)則。西南交通大學(xué)黃洪鐘教授研究了模糊機(jī)械優(yōu)化的基本思想,研究把模糊 優(yōu)化問題轉(zhuǎn)化為非模糊優(yōu)化問題的方法。山東工業(yè)大學(xué)陳舉華博士研究了模糊多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的方法,研究貼近度的尋優(yōu)、算式、加權(quán)因子及性態(tài)分析等。所有這些研究都取得了重大進(jìn)展。目前,機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化已取得了較大成果,機(jī)構(gòu)及整體模糊優(yōu)化還有待進(jìn)一步研究。 1.4 國內(nèi)啟閉機(jī)的優(yōu)化研究 啟閉機(jī)傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法以經(jīng)典力學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),采用半理論、半經(jīng)驗的設(shè)計法和類比法,設(shè)計過程反復(fù)多,周期長,設(shè)計精度差。近年來,隨著電子計算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,許多跨學(xué)科的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法得到應(yīng)用,如極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計、優(yōu)化設(shè)計、可靠設(shè)計、CAD、有限元法、動態(tài)仿真設(shè)計、模塊化設(shè)計、三次設(shè)計、通用化設(shè)計。這些現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法使啟閉機(jī)的設(shè)計進(jìn)入了創(chuàng)新、高質(zhì)量、高效率的新階段。其中,優(yōu)化設(shè)計研究最為廣泛。武漢水利電力大學(xué)李純教授研究了面向方案的啟閉機(jī)優(yōu)化建模、優(yōu)化方法、啟閉機(jī)CAD 原電力部中南勘測設(shè)計院薛瑞葆教授級高工研究了啟閉機(jī)專家系統(tǒng);中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)孫幼蘭教授研究了啟閉機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,所有這些研究都取得了豐碩成果。然而遺憾的是,到目前為止,這些成果還沒有全部應(yīng)用到實際工程的設(shè)計與制造中去。隨著模糊機(jī)械科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化研究將成為本行業(yè)的重要發(fā)展方向。由于模糊優(yōu)化反映了中介過渡普遍存在的模糊性,反映了定量研究從物理領(lǐng)域進(jìn)入到事理領(lǐng)域必然遇到的大量的模糊概念,反映了啟閉機(jī)系統(tǒng)必然要涉及的種種模糊因素,反映了定量值的模糊屬性,必將推動啟閉機(jī)的優(yōu)化進(jìn)入一個新高潮,從而研究出能被工程界普遍接受的新成果。 2 啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的現(xiàn)實意義 我國水能資源有37853 萬千瓦, 其中的90 %待開發(fā),水電開發(fā)靜態(tài)投資約35582 億元,啟閉機(jī)約占總投資的3 % ,預(yù)計,采用模糊優(yōu)化可節(jié)約成本20 % ,因此, 可節(jié)約投資214 億元。 3 啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的發(fā)展方向 從目前水利水電工程系統(tǒng)的實際情況來看,啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化應(yīng)著眼于系統(tǒng)地研 究和探討啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),以便獲得系統(tǒng)及其機(jī)構(gòu)模糊優(yōu)化的通用模型, 并利用這些理論和方法指導(dǎo)啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化軟件設(shè)計,以期獲得功能強(qiáng)、規(guī)模適中、 能有效地應(yīng)用于工程實際的計算機(jī)輔助分析工具。這些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)具體表現(xiàn)在: (1) 研究啟閉機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)的模糊設(shè)計,導(dǎo)出機(jī)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化的一般模式。 (2) 分析并實現(xiàn)計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計、工藝的原型系統(tǒng),為實際工程提供一種廉價有效的分析工具,同時為進(jìn)一步的系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的發(fā)展方向: （1）啟閉機(jī)的模糊設(shè)計包括設(shè)計參數(shù)的模糊描述、設(shè)計約束的過渡改良。 (2) 啟閉機(jī)的整體模糊優(yōu)化策略,研究機(jī)構(gòu)與子機(jī)構(gòu)的作用,模糊主導(dǎo)參數(shù)與模糊作用參數(shù)及模糊內(nèi)部參數(shù)的描述。 (3) 討論基于啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化方案的模糊判決。 (4) 研究啟閉機(jī)的多目標(biāo)模糊優(yōu)化模型,探討其求解方法。 (5) 研究機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)及卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)等重要子機(jī)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化。 （6) 研究繩鼓制造過程中的工藝參數(shù)的模糊優(yōu)化 附錄二： 外文文獻(xiàn)原文： Fuzzy - Optimization on Fixed Cable Hoist Preface Long-term since, hydropower engineering fixed roll Yang type hoist (hereinafter ref erred to hoist) design have been used for experience, not only logic.analog design method for the design cycle longer, and only a few scheme comparison and analysis, no exact ev aluation standard to measure have options, there is get judged almost optimal design. Wit h the development and application of the electronic computer, it can establish a design pr ocess automatically choose the most effective method of optimal scheme, namely optimiz ation design. This design method is mathematical programming and computer technology, the combination of the solution of complicated design problem can become a tool. Howe ver, due to design some factors such as loading properties, material quality is difficult to use mathematical quantity said, leading to the design ambiguity. Ordinary optimization m ethod has not considered these fuzzy factors, lack of treating fuzzy concept means and m ethods, many factors of artificial as determined to undertake handling, or randomness ofte n missed the real optimization scheme and even contradictory results. This is hoist ordina ry optimization design difficult to really be engineering and technical personnel to accept the root causes of the place. Hoist the fuzzy optimization can overcome the shortcomings, it common optimization study of hoist optimization process prevalent ambiguity, using t he theory of fuzzy mathematics and systematically analyzing the machine and pulley insti tutions, hoisting, a transmission mechanism and frame structure, electrical systems and so on various agencies internal and external links, reasonably determine the parameters, cal culation and in order to achieve optimization purposes. Using fuzzy optimization design not only can break through the traditional design pattern, overcome experience, is used b y many analogy or assumptions and simplify the calculation formula is derived for design, checking, calculation, and many limitations when can overcome ordinary fuzzy optimiza tion design problem, a rigid ignore the constraint conditions of faults, make complex prob lems, blur variable accurate constraint conditions for fuzzy constraint conditions, make a design more quickly and more accurate, more reliable and more convenient. This method can greatly shorten the design cycle, reduce product material consumption, improve prod uct precision and performance, and access to the huge economic benefits. Therefore, hois t the fuzzy optimization will become the industry many researchers pursuit of the goal 1 fuzzy optimization research reviewed 1.1 fuzzy technology In 1965, the United States California university professor l. a. zadeh Fuzzy (firstly p ut forward the concept of Fuzzy) set theory, via M. Sugeno, based on the efforts, many scholars in the 1970s established a better fuz zy mathematics theory system. In fuzzy mathematics theory developed on the basis of hig h-tech -- fuzzy technology is only 20 years history, but it in mechanical, electrical, chemi cal industry, light industry, aviation, civil, geology, water conservancy, meteorology, enter prise management and social economic and other fields, the booming its application has c reated huge economic benefits and social benefits. Japan in order to ensure that the comp etitiveness of the 21st century, establishing fuzzy basic research, fuzzy computer, machin e intelligence, man-machine system, people and social system and natural systems and so on six fuzzy technology key areas for development. The United States unwilling fall behi nd, mainly discussed the neural network and fuzzy logic, and held the combination of onc e international fuzzy technology seminar. France to tide neuro-fuzzy institute was establis hed to comprehensive plan to develop fuzzy technology. Germany's electronic and inform ation department has made fuzzy technology, as one of the important research topic. The American market information research company (MIBC) latest survey results show that b y the end of this century, fuzzy technology world markets will be 30 times greater than it is now. Fuzzy technology research in Japan, the United States, Germany, France, South K orea and other countries is already achievement. Our country in fuzzy technology researc h has their own characteristics, main performance in fuzzy mathematics theory research i s very strong, but the lack of discipline, the crossover between application background is not obvious, the driving force is not strong, the actual application research is weak links. 1.2 fuzzy medicine In the past 10 years, the domestic and foreign some mechanical science worker is co ntinuous efforts, the fuzzy method used in the machinery science with classic set describi ng all concept, principle and method, the fuzzy mathematics extended to skinned people t o the theory of complex and dynamic mechanical system fuzziness of understanding, gra dually formed and improved fuzzy mechanical science and technology theory system, the fuzzy medicine has research or are subjects of study are: (1) artificial intelligence and fuzzy expert system; (2) fuzzy robot technology; (3) fu zzy neural network; (4) the fuzzy control theory and applications. (5) fuzzy identification and fault diagn osis (6) the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; (7) fuzzy clustering; (8) the fuzzy optimizati on; (9) fuzzy reliability. All of these research subject all achieved research results and are made important pr ogress. 1.3 mechanical fuzzy optimization In mechanical parts and mechanical system design, design quality standard, material strength and applicable scope, certain load distribution and properties, especially focusin g on the economy and efficiency of optimization, all the indicators are fuzzy, the applicati on of the fuzzy optimization theory can will In the design of the fuzzy factors and fuzzy information given by reasonable quantit ative restraint function, the objective function of the allowable value, expectations and fu zzy distribution function to reflect the experience, views and expert the design criterion o f some recognized. Southwest jiaotong university professor HuangHongZhong studied th e basic idea of fuzzy optimal machine the fuzzy optimization problem, research into the method of fuzzy optimization problem. Shandong university of technology was studied C henJu hua's fuzzy multi-objective optimization method, the optimum similarity scale, mat hematical, the weighting factor and sexual modal analysis, etc. All these studies have ma de great progress. At present, the mechanical structure of fuzzy optimization has made gr eat achievements, institutions and overall fuzzy optimization still needs further research. 1.4 domestic hoist optimization research Hoist the traditional design method to classical mechanics and mathematical basis, u sing half theory, half the design method and experience of analogy Method, design process, cycle is long, repeatedly design accuracy is poor. In recent years, with the rapid development of the computer technology, and many cross Disciplines of modem design methods get applications such as limit state design and optimization design, reliable design, CAD, finite element method, the dynamic simulatio n design, (1) artificial intelligence and fuzzy expert system; (2) fuzzy robot technology; (3) fu zzy neural network; (4) the fuzzy control theory and applications. (5) fuzzy identification and fault diagn osis (6) the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; (7) fuzzy clustering; (8) the fuzzy optimizati on; (9) fuzzy reliability. All of these research subject all achieved research results and are made important pr ogress. 2 mechanical fuzzy optimization In mechanical parts and mechanical system design, design quality standard, material strength and applicable scope, certain load distribution and properties, especially focusin g on the economy and efficiency of optimization, all the indicators are fuzzy, the applicati on of the fuzzy optimization theory can will In the design of the fuzzy factors and fuzzy information given by reasonable quantit ative restraint function, the objective function of the allowable value, expectations and fu zzy distribution function to reflect the experience, views and expert the design criterion o f some recognized. Southwest jiaotong university professor HuangHongZhong studied th e basic idea of fuzzy optimal machine the fuzzy optimization problem, research into the method of fuzzy optimization problem. Shandong university of technology was studied C henJu hua's fuzzy multi-objective optimization method, the optimum similarity scale, mat hematical, the weighting factor and sexual modal analysis, etc. All these studies have ma de great progress. At present, the mechanical structure of fuzzy optimization has made gr eat achievements, institutions and overall fuzzy optimization still needs further research. 3 domestic hoist optimization research Hoist the traditional design method to classical mechanics and mathematical basis, u sing half theory, half the design method and experience of analogy Method, design process, cycle is long, repeatedly design accuracy is poor. In recent years, with the rapid development of the computer technology, and many cross Disciplines of modem design methods get applications such as limit state design and optimization design, reliable design, CAD, finite element method, the dynamic simulatio n design, engineering to provide a cheap effective analysis tools, at the same time for further s ystem extension lay a good foundation. Hoist fuzzy optimization development: (1) the hoister, fuzzy design including the design parameters of fuzzy description, de sign constraints transition improvement. (2) the whole hoister fuzzy optimization strategy, research institutions and son agenc ies role, fuzzy leading parameters and fuzzy function parameters and fuzzy internal para meter descriptions. (3) to discuss the fuzzy optimization scheme based on hoister of fuzzy decision. (4) r esearch hoister of multi-objective fuzzy optimization model, discusses the solution. (5) re search frame structure and hoisting and other important son institutions the fuzzy optimiz ation. (6) research rope drum production process of fuzzy optimization of process paramet ers.