Some compound words used to describe urban transportation are introduced in this section.It is suggested that more compound words should be introduced.The teacher may first list the compound words and then ask the students to read aloud the words after himself or herself.To make the students more familiar with the structure of these compound words,the teacher might as well elicit the word formation in the students.And if necessary,the teacher may add some.The pronunciation in this period is liaison.The teacher may play the tape for the students and ask them to follow.After that the students may practice saying the sentences while their partners are monitoring.In grammar we will meet Imperatives.The teacher should try to acquaint the students with the definition of Imperatives.The Teaching Procedures are as follows:first the teacher may list the meanings of each sign on the blackboard and then make the students to match the signs with the meanings.To make them aware of definitions you’d better choose the functions from the sentences listed.Activity 2 is an applied activity.To deal with it the teacher may prepare some pictures beforehand for the students to talk about the meanings of some traffic signs.Activity 3 is a combination of speaking and grammar.Through this part not only will the students’ speaking skills be trained,but also they will have a better understanding of the positive form and the negative form of imperatives.To make the students clear about it the teacher had better give the students some exercises for a consolidation. Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Make the students learn to sum up grammatical rules themselves. Make sure the students master the grammatical items. Train the students’ pronunciation. Process and StrategiesMotivate the students’ enthusiasm in taking part in the class. Feelings and Value Through the study of this period the students will surely know more about the Imperatives. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision (The teacher ask the individual students to report to the class the expressions in giving advice.) 1.You should... 2.Why not...? ’d better... ’s a good idea to... 5.Make sure... Step 2 Vocabulary T:Good job!Next step we will learn some compound nouns.Now look at the blackboard.What are they called? (Write the following two words on the blackboard.) traffic jam　road work Ss:They are compound nouns. T:You’re quite right.Now match the words from Box A with those from Box B to make compound nouns. (Show the following on the screen.) A　bicycle　city　ring　rush　traffic B　centre　hour　lane　lights　road Suggested answers: 1.bicycle lane　2.city centre　3.ring road　4.rush hour　5.traffic lights T:More exercises are as follows: (Show the following sentences on the screen.) Match the words and definitions Example:Lots of traffic which isn’t moving. traffic jam 1.a road which goes around the city __________ 2.a read one means “stop”;a green one means “go” __________ 3.the busiest time of the day __________ 4.a part of the road reserved for bicycles __________ 5.work in progress on the road __________ 6.the centre of the city __________ (Give the students a few minutes and then call back their answers.) Suggested answers: 1.ring road　2.traffic lights　3.rush hour　4.bicycle lane　5.road works　6.city centre Step 3 Pronunciation T:So much for the vocabulary.Now let’s come to the next part—pronunciation. (The teacher play the tape for the students.) Now listen to the underlined sounds in the following sentences. （Show the following sentence on the screen.） 1.I got stuck again in the traffic. 2.They seemed to know each other. 3. ...and we still couldn’t move. 4.It was just ridiculous. 5.They don’t wait for the green light to pass. T:You must remember:Good pronunciation needs a lot of training,imitation and practice.Listening is as important as imitation.You should not only listen to the teacher’s and your classmates’ pronunciation,but also to tapes record your own reading after doing some repetition and imitation,and see how they are different and where you are wrong.Go on practicing until you get it. T:Now say these sentences aloud.Make sure you pronounce the underlined sounds correctly. (Show the following on the screen.) (The teacher divide the students into a few groups and then make them practice the sentences individually.) Step 4 Grammar T:Just now we practiced our pronunciation.The rest of the time let’s learn some grammar:Imperatives.Look at the signs and complete the meanings of the other three signs. Suggested answers: ’t turn left.(no left turn.) ’t stop (no parking). ’t walk (no pedestrians). T:Do you know what they have in common?You may decide what they do from the following list of 4 possibilities. (Show the following list on the screen.) 1.They give advice. 2.They give instructions. 3.They give information. 4.They give permission. Suggested answers:2 T:Good job!As we all know,traffic jams are usually very annoying.Look at the picture.What is the man doing? S:From the picture we can guess maybe he is worried about the road condition.He is very angry. T:You’ve got it!Now read the following dos and don’ts for motorists stuck in a traffic jam.Tick the ones you agree with. Dos: 1.Switch off the motor. 2.Turn on the car radio. 3.Speak to your passengers. 4.Follow the rules of the road. 5.Keep cool. Don’ts 1.Leave the motor on. 2.Blow your horn. 3.React when others drive badly. 4.Break the rules of the road. 5.Get angry. (The teacher may ask the students to have a discussion and then make some representatives to report to the class.) Step 4 Summary and homework T:Today we have learned some compound words as well as the expressions in giving advice.Besides,we have practiced block+release.After class please practice more and finish Exercises 2 & 3.So much for today.Good-bye,everyone! Ss:Good-bye,sir! The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Module 2　Traffic Jam The third period traffic jam　road works Record after Teaching _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Activities and Research 1.Try to choose a paragraph to practice your pronunciation. 2.Find more compound nouns to analyse. Reference for Teaching Grammar 由一道高考題談祈使句 2003年高考英語(yǔ)第24小題: —Sorry,Joe,I didn’t mean to... —Don’t call me “Joe”.I’m Mr.Parker to you,and __________you forget it. A.do 　’’t 說(shuō)明:本題正確答案是D,題干中don’t you forget it是一個(gè)祈使句。 祈使句表示命令、要求、請(qǐng)求或勸告等。祈使句一般以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭,無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)的變化,句末用句號(hào)或感嘆號(hào),口述時(shí)用降調(diào)。祈使句有三種類型:1.含第二人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句;2.含第一或第三人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句;3.無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句。 一、含第二人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句 1.當(dāng)祈使的對(duì)象是第二人稱you時(shí)稱為含第二人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句。這時(shí),主語(yǔ)you通常不出現(xiàn)在句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。有時(shí)在句首或句末加please,還可加上稱呼語(yǔ),用逗號(hào)與句子主體隔開(kāi)。如: Be quiet,please,boys!孩子們,請(qǐng)安靜！ Come and have a cup of tea.來(lái)喝杯茶吧。 如要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,可在動(dòng)詞前加do。如: Do be here in time!務(wù)請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)！ ’t或Do not,強(qiáng)調(diào)否定式則在動(dòng)詞前加Never。如: Don’t keep your mother waiting. 別讓你媽媽等了。 Never be late again. 千萬(wàn)別再遲到了。 在一些指示牌上,常用”No +動(dòng)名詞”構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)略式的否定祈使句。如: No smoking!不準(zhǔn)抽煙！ No parking!不準(zhǔn)停車！ 3.有時(shí),為了強(qiáng)調(diào)指明向誰(shuí)提出要求或發(fā)出命令,或表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的急躁、厭煩、惱怒的情緒,就用主語(yǔ)you表示,且放在動(dòng)詞前。如: You take that seat!你坐那個(gè)座位！ You mind your own business!關(guān)心你自己的事吧！ 若為否定式,則把Don’t放在主語(yǔ)you之前。如: Don’t you do that again! 你再不能做那種事了！ 在本文開(kāi)頭的那道高考題中,第一個(gè)人稱呼對(duì)方為Joe,結(jié)果第二個(gè)人很生氣,很不滿地叫他別稱自己Joe而應(yīng)稱Mr Parker,并強(qiáng)調(diào)”你不能忘了這點(diǎn)”,語(yǔ)境明顯地表示出第二個(gè)人的惱怒情緒,故在空格后出現(xiàn)you,從而構(gòu)成這種祈使句。 二、含第一、第三人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句 1.含第一、第三人稱主語(yǔ)的祈使句通常以Let開(kāi)頭,第一人稱由”Let + me/us +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,第三人稱由”Let + 第三人稱代詞（用賓格）或名詞+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。這類祈使句往往用于提出建議。如: Let me have a try if you don’t want to. 如果你不想,就讓我試一試吧。 Let’s spend this weekend in the country. 咱們到鄉(xiāng)下去度這個(gè)周末吧。 Let him be here by ten o’clock. 叫他10點(diǎn)到這里吧。 2.這類祈使句的否定式是在原形動(dòng)詞前加not,也可以在let前加Don’t。如: Let’s not waster our time arguing about it. 我們不要為了爭(zhēng)論這件事而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 Don’t let us wait here. 別讓我們?cè)谶@兒等。 Don’t let Bill overwork. 別讓比爾過(guò)度勞累了。 三、無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句 在請(qǐng)求、命令和口號(hào)中,常用無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句,它實(shí)際上是省略了動(dòng)詞,從而使語(yǔ)句更簡(jiǎn)潔或有力。如: Just a minute,please!請(qǐng)稍等！ This way,please!請(qǐng)這邊走！ Faster!再快點(diǎn)！ Up the stairs!上樓！ To the pumps,every one of you! 去抽水,你們每個(gè)人都去！ Hand me the book,please. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本書。 Stand up at once. 馬上給我站起來(lái)。 Fill in this form. 把這個(gè)表填好。 Let’s stay here till the storm has passed. 讓我們等暴風(fēng)雨停了之后再說(shuō)吧。 Come in and sit down. 進(jìn)來(lái)請(qǐng)坐。 Help yourself to some fruits. 請(qǐng)吃水果。 Hurry up or you will be late. 抓緊點(diǎn),不然你要遲到了。 Do that again and you’ll be in trouble. 要是再干那事,你會(huì)有麻煩的。 Help with my luggage and I’ll give you some candies. 幫我拿行李我就給你糖果吃。 Give us ten years and just see what our country will be like. 給我們10年,再看看我們國(guó)家會(huì)是什么樣子。 Don’t touch the exhibits. 不要觸摸展品。 Don’t anyone come into the room. 任何人不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入這個(gè)房子。