Revision,husband or wife only, sole however not temporary disagreement living together delay until a certain time uncommon dedication increase dramatically data of numbers,spouse exclusive nevertheless permanently disapproval cohabitation postpone into alternative commitment soar statistic,From 1992 to 2002, there was a sudden / rapid / dramatic / sharp increase in motorcycle ownership. The ten years from 1992 to 2002 witnessed/ saw a sudden / rapid / dramatic / sharp increase in motorcycle ownership.,Chapter 1 Marriage, family, and the home,Week 7,3. How we learn to behave,Preparing to read,Predicting: Without looking at the text, discuss with a partner the type of information you expect to find there. Then, skim the text to check your predictions. Rewards and punishments Modeling Differences across cultures,Thinking about your personal connection to a topic can help you take in new information about the topic. You should do this while you are reading as well as before you read. Before reading the text “How We Learn to Behave,” discuss with a small group what you would do if you were the parent in each of the situation below. (Page 16),Group discussion,Summary completion (Task 3 P20) socializing agents family sanctions modeling repeated rewards watching culture,Comprehension questions,Match each term with the features they have. Write the correct letter A-F to the questions 1-3. (each question may have more than one answer.) 1. well-behaved people 2.positive sanction . 3. negative sanction 4. modeling 5. “traits “ in Para.8,warm, supportive, moderately strict family B. abilities of taking care of younger kids and do the chores that can help the whole household C. being polite, neat, and family-oriented D. reward E. punishment F. learning by watching the behavior of others and copying the behavior,Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.,State the specific information you are looking for. Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help you locate the answer. For example, if you were looking for a certain date, you would quickly read the paragraph looking only for numbers. Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections might contain the information you are looking for. Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.,How to scan:,Comprehension questions,Match each term with the features they have. Write the correct letter A-F to the questions 1-3. (each question may have more than one answer.) 1. well-behaved people 2.positive sanction . 3. negative sanction 4. modeling 5. “traits “ in Para.8,warm, supportive, moderately strict family B. abilities of taking care of younger kids and do the chores that can help the whole household C. being polite, neat, and family-oriented D. reward E. punishment F. learning by watching the behavior of others and copying the behavior,A C,B,D,E,F,Part 1 (Para.1-4) Part 2 (Para.5-6) Part 3 (Para.7-9),socialization / socializing agents ways of socializing (sanction / modeling ) cross-cultural differences VS socialization,Detailed study,Part 1 1) What does socialization refer to? 2) Who play the role of socializing the society members? Which of them is the most important one? 3) How do socializing agents teach children to behavior?,(family)-oriented,V. orient / orientate be oriented towards = be directed at / be specially designed for a course that is oriented towards freshmen freshmen-oriented course exam-oriented education 應試教育 出口型企業(yè)（外向型企業(yè)） export-oriented enterprises money-oriented society,develop (from sth.) (into sth.),The place has developed from a fishing port into a thriving tourist centre. 這地方由原來的漁港發(fā)展成一個繁榮的旅游勝地. 這場辯論逐漸變成了激烈的爭吵. The argument developed into a bitter quarrel.,supportive,a supportive family 理解支持自己的家人,rebellious,A rebellious child, the singer dropped out of school at a young age, started writing songs when she was just 13 and had her first stage experience at 16.,resentful,adj. feeling angry and upset about something that you think is unfair Narrowing the income gap would make people feel less resentful of/at the rich. v. resent (feel angry about sth) n. resentment,insecure,not feeling safe or protected; lacking confidence Many Americans are not confident about the direction the United States is going, so they are more likely to feel insecure and in competition with other nations.,reward (& punishment),It was necessary to use both rewards and punishments to boost the fight against corruption. Legal rules need to be strictly followed to reward those who extend a helping hand to others. (V.) Teaching can be a very rewarding career.,Part 2 1) Please give your own examples of positive/negative sanction. 2) Please give your own examples of positive/negative modeling.,respectful,The younger generation are changing and are freer in expressing their own ideas, less respectful of authority, and more self-confident. 區(qū)別：respectable a respectable married couple,* On the other hand, *On the one hand. on the other (hand).,to indicate contrasting points of view, opinions, etc 用以引導出相互矛盾或對立的觀點、意見等. On the one hand, we should contempt the enemy in strategy; on the other hand, we should take the enemy seriously in tactics. 一方面我們要在戰(zhàn)略上要藐視敵人,另一方面要在戰(zhàn)術上要重視敵人。,Part 3 Are there many differences across cultures in socialization? 2) What did Beatrice and John Whiting find? 3) Why many children in China feel that they are working hard in school for the parents rather than themselves?,household chores,e.g. An increasing number of Chinese men are taking up household chores that have long been considered the job of women. chore: a job or piece of work which is often boring or unpleasant but needs to be done regularly,parental expectations,e.g. Parental expectations for childrens development can prompt Chinese families to value childrens growth and education. 其他用法 have high expectations for come/live up to sbs expectations beyond expectations,traits,Women are more loving, because they are naturally maternal. It is a universal trait. 女性的情感更加豐富，因為她們的母性與生俱來。這是一個共有的特性（共性）。 a particular quality in someones character e.g. character traits 性格特征,Cross-cultural,Cross-cultural communication,Task 1 Defining,1) domestic chores; tasks that have to be done regularly at home 2) force that have an effect on the process of learning how to behave in the society. 3) a way in which two or more cultures are not like each other. 4) a group of people who are the same age, social class, etc. as yourself.,Ways of Definition,Values are Norms define are called taboo.,by saying, we mean to be defined as the definition of to mean to be meant to be said to be supposed refer to,Ways of Definition,Values are Norms define are called taboo.,by saying, we mean to be defined as the definition of to mean to be meant to be said to be supposed refer to,1) domestic chores; tasks that have to be done regularly at home 2) force that have an effect on the process of learning how to behave in the society. 3) a way in which two or more cultures are not like each other. 4) a group of people who are the same age, social class, etc. as yourself.,When you write a definition, it can be a great help to your reader if you expand it by giving one or two examples.,Expanded definitions,e.g. 1Culture: culture is everything we are socialized to do, think, use, and make. 2Kissing, for example, is a cultural rather than a natural behavior. We kiss in a way that we have learnt from others in our cultural group. Can you find more examples for the above terms? Write an expanded definition of one of the key term in the task.,Task 2 Learning words related to topic,Task 4,Would you advise a positive sanction? Would you advise a negative sanction? Do you think some behavior modeling might help, or do you have some other idea?,On mid-term exam,As one part of the mid-term paper ( 35%) THREE question styles: Vocabulary (all from glossary) Reading passage Translation Time: Oct. 30th 7:00-9:00PM(next Tuesday),大多數獨居者都是將婚期推遲至二十多歲后期的 年輕成年人。 他們共有財產，并在有需要時互相幫助。（help out） exclusive approximately alternative polygamy soar mainstream disapproval permanently,