《2022年考博英語-福建師范大學考前模擬強化練習題45（附答案詳解）》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2022年考博英語-福建師范大學考前模擬強化練習題45（附答案詳解）（25頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、2022年考博英語-福建師范大學考前模擬強化練習題（附答案詳解） 1. 單選題 His shirt factory is growing so fast that he must （? ）more workers. 問題1選項 A.take on B.take up C.take out D.take over 【答案】A 【解析】考查動詞辨析。take on意為“承擔，接受，雇用”；take up意為“開始從事”；take out意為“取出，除去”；take over意為“接收，接管”。 句意：他的襯衫工廠發(fā)展很快，以至于他必須

2、雇傭更多的工人。 2. 單選題 There has been much opposition from some social groups,（? ）from the farming community. 問題1選項 A.straightforwardly B.notably C.virtually D.exceptionally 【答案】B 【解析】考查副詞辨析。straightforwardly意為“正直地”；notably意為“尤其，特別”；virtually意為“實際上，實質(zhì)上”；exceptionally意為“

3、例外地，異常地”。 句意：已遭到來自一些社會團體的強烈反對，尤其是來自農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。 3. 單選題 Everything in the shop is too expensive; I won't pay $200 for the fur coat because it is not worth（? ）. 問題1選項 A.all that much B.that much all C.that all much D.much all that 【答案】A 【解析】考查限定詞詞序。限定詞的排序：前位限定詞（指量限定詞all，b

4、oth，half等；倍數(shù)詞、分數(shù)詞等）+中位限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格）+后位限定詞（序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞，數(shù)量詞及短語many，much，little，few，plenty of，a lot of）。 句意：商店里的東西都太貴了；我不會付200美元買這件毛皮大衣，因為它根本不值這么多錢。 4. 單選題 The manager, （? ）a letter to his secretary. 問題1選項 A.pledged B.conveyed C.surveyed D.dictated 【答案】D

5、【解析】考查動詞辨析。pledge意為“保證，誓言”；convey意為“傳達，傳遞”；survey意為“調(diào)查”；dictate意為“口述”。 句意：經(jīng)理向秘書口授一封信。 5. 單選題 The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me （? ）she could remember who last borrowed it. 問題1選項 A.ever since B.much as C.even though D.if only

6、 【答案】D 【解析】考查詞組辨析。ever since意為“自從”；much as意為“盡管，雖然”；even though意為“即使，縱然”；if only意為“只要”。 句意：那個在借記臺的年長的圖書管理員答應(yīng)我，只要她記得誰最后借了這本書，就會把書給我。 6. 單選題 I'm sorry（? ）so long, forgot to tell you in advance where I had put my key. 問題1選項 A.to keep you wait B.to keep you waiting C.to

7、 keep you waited D.to have kept you waiting 【答案】D 【解析】考查不定式。動詞不定式的完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)為：to have done（表示動作已完成），句中“wait”這個動作已完成，keep sb. doing sth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”。 句意：很抱歉讓你久等了，忘了事先告訴你我把鑰匙放在哪兒了。 7. 單選題 According to new research of Prof. Randolph Mensal from the Free University in Berlin, the popular

8、 image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. “Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bee’s busy nature is based on a misconception,” he said. People only really see bees when they’re out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and

9、see thousands of them buzzing around. They don’t get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence: advanced memory skills and an ability to lea

10、rn quickly. The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers. Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficient. “At any particular stage in its life, a bee has a specific job to do. If they

11、 are unable to do that job, they conserve their energy by doing nothing. Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.” The idea of the

12、busy bee is several thousand years old. One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux, the novelist and part-time beekeeper. “I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working,” he said. Mr. Theroux, who keeps 85 hives each containing 300,000 bees in Hawaii

13、, added that Prof. Mendel’s research could have been affected by his national origins. “Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy,” he said. Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away, despite the efforts of Prof. Mensah It performs too many useful functions

14、 in our culture. In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the “waggle dance” of bees, telling businessmen to “make your business waggle.” 1.Prof. Randolph Mendel’s latest research （? ）. 2.According to Prof. Randolph Mensal, wh

15、ich of the following is NOT true? 3.According to Glyn Davies, what should we learn from bees? 4.The IBM ads in the passage are used to（? ）. 問題1選項 A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among bees B.confirms our knowledge of the relations among bees C.challenges our perception

16、of the nature of bees D.confirms our perception of the mature of bees 問題2選項 A.Bees are hard working. B.Bees are quick learners. C.Bees have intelligence. D.Bees have good memory. 問題3選項 A.How to work faster. B.How to live longer. C.How to cooperate with each othe

17、r. D.How to improve work efficiency. 問題4選項 A.show the popularity of the idea of busy bees B.emphasize the negative image of busy bees C.initiate public discussions on the busy bee image D.question the comparison of busy bees to humans 【答案】第1題:C 第2題:A 第3題:D 第4題:A 【解析】1.

18、細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate.... the common belief in a bee’s busy nature is based on a misconception（人們普遍認為蜜蜂是終極的辛勤工作者，這種形象是不準確的……人們對蜜蜂勤勞的天性的普遍看法是基于一種誤解）可知Prof. Randolph Mendel的最新研究挑戰(zhàn)了我們對蜜蜂本質(zhì)的認識，因此選C。 2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的added that bees compensate

19、d for their apparent laziness with high intelligence: advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly（他補充說，蜜蜂用高智力來彌補他們明顯的懶惰：先進的記憶技能和快速學習的能力）可知Prof. Randolph Mensal認為蜜蜂并不是勤勞的，因此選A。 3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的bees were not lazy but efficient... They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to fo

20、llow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.（蜜蜂不是懶惰，而是有效率的……他們非常聰明，也許人類應(yīng)該效仿他們，而不是像無頭蒼蠅一樣到處亂跑）可知D選項“如何提高工作效率”符合題意。 4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance.（事實上，對蜜蜂的崇拜似乎正在經(jīng)歷復興）以及此句話后便列舉了蜜蜂做廣告的例子，可推測勤勞的蜜蜂這種思想是受歡迎的，因此選A。 8. 單選

21、題 1. Flattery, Richard Stengel writes by way of defining his terms, “is strategic praise, praise with a purpose. It may be inflated or exaggerated or it may be accurate and truthful, but it is praise that seeks some result, whether it be increased liking or an office with a window....Flattery is al

22、so a kind of bribe, an emotional gratuity that we accept and which very often repays the giver with something he wants. It is a bribe we want to pocket....Flattery at its core is language that advances self-interest while concealing it at the same time.” 2. All of which is perfectly true, but it ne

23、eds to be qualified (as in time Stengel does) in one important way: Flattery is almost always recognizable for exactly what it is. If it is true, as probably it is, that most of us are susceptible to flattery and willing to employ it in our own interests, it is equally true that flattery is infreque

24、ntly subtle and often blatant. In my line of work, for example, when I see in a publisher’s catalogue that a writer with whom I am acquainted has a new book forthcoming, I can predict almost to the day the letter or call from said author in which, in one fashion or another, my own perspicacity and s

25、tylistic elegance will be praised fulsomely, accompanied, perhaps, by an invitation to lunch. Similarly, a letter or e-mail from someone wholly unknown to me will begin with praise for my latest book review or column, followed, apace, with the news that the writer of the letter ― or a relative, or a

26、 friend, or a colleague ― is about to come forth with ... a book. 3. It is the way of the world. Though in my case flattery infrequently produces the desired results ——quite to the contrary, if the truth be known ——I cannot claim that the silken words whispered in my ear go unheeded. Stengel quotes

27、 Lord Chesterfield: “This principle of vanity and pride is so strong in human nature, that is descends even to the lowest objects; and one often sees people angling for praise.” Though we would prefer praise that is offered without ulterior motives, that is heartfelt and generous, we readily settle

28、for mere flattery; we may not deliver the quid pro quo so transparently sought beneath the oleaginous words — we may even hold the flatterer in contempt— yet we are not impervious to the stroking he or she administers; indeed we may luxuriate in it even as we pretend to ridicule it. 4. “To describe

29、 someone as a social climber or a self-promoter is generally not considered a compliment. Those two labels seem like particularly modern putdowns (and in the culture of celebrity they have become full-time occupations). But I would make the case that they are simply neutral terms for fundamental hum

30、an behavior, In fact, I’d contend that based on the principles of evolutionary biology, social-climbing and self-promotion. They are in our genes.” 5. Flattery, he quite correctly says, “is a form of cooperation, and cooperation is the successful evolutionary principle of reciprocal altruism.” As S

31、am Rayburn used to say, during his long and productive tenure as speaker of the House of Representatives, “If you want to get along, go along.” To be sure flattery is routinely carried to obscene lengths in this city , which as Stengel correctly points out “is in some ways closer to the courts of Re

32、naissance Europe than it is to our modern era,” yet it is the grease that oils the wheels of politics and often enables the government and its satellites to accomplish worthwhile things. The spectacle that members of the Senate present when they fawn over each other as “honorable” and “distinguished

33、” is hardly a pretty one, yet it is not without purpose. 6. In American life, flattering influential individuals is an essential part of the machinery of society and business. In a perceptive chapter called How Dale Carnegie Won Friends and Influenced People, Stengel shows how “the simplest devices

34、 of paying attention, offering appreciation and the giving of small flatteries” have become so engrained that it is hard to imagine functioning without them. The rules of flattery — or its handmaiden, ingratiation — are clear: “avoid complimenting the target...in a way that makes it clear you want a

35、 reward; make sure the compliment is plausible; praise an attribute about which the target is uncertain; and don’t leave the impression that you are a promiscuous praise.” Do all of that and you too can succeed in business — or anything else — without really trying? 7. All of which should, make cle

36、ar — especially to you, gentle and quick-witted reader — that Stengel has written not merely a popular history of flattery but also a guide to its employment. He does the latter with tongue slightly in cheek — at times to the point that his prose becomes excessively chatty and breezy — yet the truth

37、 is that his counsel, and that of the many others whom he quotes, probably can be used to good purpose. If you must flatter - and there are times when flattery is clearly the wisest course — then by all means do it well. 1.when flattery is clearly the wisest course — then by all means do it well.

38、 2.According to Richard Stengel, all of the following are true of flattery EXCEPT （? ）. 3.In the second paragraph, the writer makes the point that （? ）.?? 4.The main idea of the third paragraph is that （? ）.?? 5.What can be inferred about the courts of Renaissance Europe (Para. 5)? The writer'

39、s attitude toward Richard Stengel's views regarding flattery can best be described as（? ）. 問題1選項 A.it can stretch the truth B.it has a purpose C.it is an unsuccessful bribe D.it can be expressed subtly 問題2選項 A.flatterers often achieve their objectives B.flattery is ofte

40、n blatant C.the writer is often flattered D.we are often tempted by flattery 問題3選項 A.flattery seldom produces the desired results B.humans are vain and proud C.it's only human to enjoy flattery D.we find flattery objectionable 問題4選項 A.They were very similar to our

41、modern era. B.They banned flattery. C.They encouraged flattery. D.They were not popular with the general republic. 問題5選項 A.neutral B.favorable C.doubtful D.critical 【答案】第1題:C 第2題:B 第3題:C 第4題:C 第5題:B 【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Flattery is also a kind of bribe, an emotio

42、nal gratuity that we accept and which very often repays the giver with something he wants.（阿諛奉承也是一種賄賂，一種我們可以接受的情感饋贈，常常會用回報給贈予者他想要的東西）可知阿諛奉承是一種成功的賄賂，因此選C。 2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Flattery is almost always recognizable for exactly what it is...it is equally true that flattery is infrequently subtle and often

43、 blatant.（阿諛奉承幾乎總是可以確切地認出它是什么……同樣的事實是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目張膽的）可知選B。A選項為第一段的內(nèi)容；C選項只是作者用自己的經(jīng)歷舉例說明，阿諛奉承很顯而易見；D選項在第二段中沒有出現(xiàn)，因此選B。 3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的It is the way of the world... indeed we may luxuriate in it even as we pretend to ridicule it.（阿諛奉承是人之常情……事實上，即使我們假裝嘲笑它，我們也可以盡情享受它）可知C選項“喜歡聽阿諛奉承的話是人類的天性”符合題意。 4.推理判

44、斷題。由文章第五段中的To be sure flattery is routinely carried to obscene lengths in this city, which as Stengel correctly points out “is in some ways closer to the courts of Renaissance Europe than it is to our modern era”（阿諛奉承在這座城市里到處都有，正如Stengel正確的指出“在某些方面更接近文藝復興時期的歐洲，而不是我們的現(xiàn)代時代”）可推測阿諛奉承在文藝復興時期的歐洲宮廷也十分流行，因此

45、選C。 5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中的All of which is perfectly true（所有這些都是完全正確的）和第五段中的Flattery, he quite correctly says（阿諛奉承，他說得很對）與which as Stengel correctly points out（正如Stengel正確的指出）可知作者對Richard Stengel的觀點都是用的正面肯定的詞，故可知作者是贊成Richard Stengel的觀點的，因此選B。 9. 單選題 He is holding a （? ）position in the company an

46、d expects to be promoted soon. 問題1選項 A.successive B.succeeding C.subordinate D.subsequent 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容詞辨析。successive意為“連續(xù)的，相繼的”；succeeding意為“以后的，隨后的”；subordinate意為“級別或職位較低的”；subsequent意為“后來的”。 句意：他在公司正處于一個低級的職位，他期望能很快晉升。 10. 單選題 He wasn't asked to take on the

47、chairmanship of the society, （? ）insufficiently popular with all members. 問題1選項 A.being considered B.considering C.to be considered D.having considered 【答案】A 【解析】考查分詞作狀語?？崭裉幵诰渲凶鳡钫Z，表示原因，說明主語沒有擔任主席的原因。主語he是動詞consider的承受者，表示被動關(guān)系，故排除B、D選項；to be considered是不定式被動式，表示將來或尚未發(fā)生的動作，不

48、符合句意，故排除C選項，因此選A。 句意：他沒有被要求擔任協(xié)會主席，考慮到他不太受所有成員歡迎。 11. 單選題 About one-third of the adult homeless are（? ）mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs. 問題1選項 A.chronically B.sparsely C.adequately D.individually 【答案】A 【解析】考查副詞辨析。chronically意為“慢性地，習慣性地，長期

49、地”；sparsely意為“稀疏地，節(jié)省地”；adequately意為“足夠地”；individually意為“分別地，單獨地”。 句意：大約三分之一的無家可歸的人患有慢性精神病，而且大約有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。 12. 單選題 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from les

50、s than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of glo

51、om and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic c

52、onsequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a mo

53、re muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consump

54、tion. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full

55、 year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies to which heavy industry has shifted have become more energy int

56、ensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only jus

57、t emerging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. 1.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is （? ）. 2.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of p

58、etrol will go up dramatically if （? ）.?? 3.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries （? ）.?? 4.We can draw a conclusion from the text that （? ）.?? 5.From the text we can see that the writer seems（? ）. 問題1選項 A.global inflation B.reduction in supply C.fast gro

59、wth in economy D.Iraq's suspension of exports 問題2選項 A.price of crude rises B.commodity prices rise C.consumption rises D.oil taxes rise 問題3選項 A.heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive B.income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices C.manufact

60、uring industry has been seriously squeezed D.oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP 問題4選項 A.oil price shocks are less shocking now B.inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks C.energy conservation can keep down the oil prices D.the price rise of crude leads to

61、 the shrinking of heavy industry 問題5選項 A.optimistic B.sensitive C.gloomy D.scared 【答案】第1題:B 第2題:D 第3題:D 第4題:A 第5題:A 【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last Decembe

62、r.（自從石油輸出國組織同意減少原油的供給，原油價格從去年12月的不到10美元一桶飆升至每桶近26美元）可知最近油價上漲的主要原因是石油供給的減少，因此選B。 2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.（在歐洲，稅收占了零售價格的五分之四，因此即使原油價格變動很

63、大，對零售價格的影響也會比以往小得多）可推測如果要使汽油價格大幅上漲，應(yīng)提高石油的稅收，因此選D。 3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.（經(jīng)合組織在其最新的《經(jīng)濟展

64、望》中估計，如果油價全年平均每桶22美元，與1998年的13美元每桶相比，只會使發(fā)達國家的石油進口支出增加國民生產(chǎn)總值的0.25%至0.5%）可知石油價格上漲對發(fā)達國家的國民生產(chǎn)總值影響很小，因此選D，注意題干中問的是在《經(jīng)濟展望》中的觀點，雖然A、B、C選項在文中出現(xiàn)過，但并不是《經(jīng)濟展望》中提出的觀點。 4.主旨大意題。文章前面兩段主要介紹了此次石油上漲的原因，后面三段主要介紹了為什么此次油價上漲造成的后果沒有像前兩次那樣嚴重：第一，原油占汽油價格的比重減少；第二，石油價格上漲對發(fā)達國家影響不大；第三，此次油價上漲不是在全球通貨膨脹和產(chǎn)能過剩的情況下產(chǎn)生的。因此A選項“油價沖擊現(xiàn)在不那么

65、令人震驚了”符合題意。 5.觀點態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices（另一個不因油價上漲而失眠的理由）以及上一題的分析，可知作者的態(tài)度是積極、樂觀的，因此選A。 13. 單選題 Scientists have long argued whether hypocrisy is driven by emotion or by reason. In other moral judgments, brain imaging shows, regions involved

66、 in feeling, not thinking, rule the role of emotion in moral judgments has overturned the Enlightenment notion that our ethical sense is based on high-minded philosophy and cognition. That brings us to hypocrisy, which is almost ridiculously easy to bring out in people. In a new study, psychologist David DeSteno instructed 94 people to assign themselves and stranger one of two tasks: an easy one or a hard one. Then everyone was asked, how fairly did you act from “extremely unfairly” (1) to “ext