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1、課程介紹n參考書:1)張裕恒：超導(dǎo)物理，中國科技大學(xué)出版社2)章立源等：超導(dǎo)物理學(xué)，電子工業(yè)出版社3)張其瑞：高溫超導(dǎo)電性，浙江大學(xué)出版社4)M. Tinkham: “Introduction to Superconductivity”, McGraw-Hill, Inc.n考試等：2008-9-111第1頁/共48頁OutlinenDiscovery of SuperconductivitynDevelopment of Superconducting MaterialsnBasic Properties of SuperconductorsnPhenomenological Theorie

2、snMicroscopic TheoriesnNew Challenges (HTSC)2008-9-112第2頁/共48頁Discovery of Superconductivityn19th Century: Down to lower TnFirst to liquefy “the permanent gas” HeliumnPt: residual resistance is related to the impuritynMercury is easy to purifiednDiscovery of SC in Hg in 19112008-9-113第3頁/共48頁Discove

3、ry of SuperconductivityH. K. Onnes, Commun. Phys. Lab.12,120, (1911)Zero Electrical ResistanceMeasurement vs. Observation2008-9-114第4頁/共48頁Zero resistance, Really?52008-9-11第5頁/共48頁2008-9-116第6頁/共48頁2008-9-117第7頁/共48頁2008-9-118第8頁/共48頁Discovery of SuperconductivityMeissner EffectIdeal ConductorSuper

4、conductorMagnetic levitation“Flux frozen”2008-9-119第9頁/共48頁2008-9-1110第10頁/共48頁112008-9-11第11頁/共48頁122008-9-11第12頁/共48頁2008-9-1113第13頁/共48頁Superconductivity is not rarenElementsnAlloysnInorganic compoundsnOrganic compoundsnPolymersnBiosystems?2008-9-1114第14頁/共48頁2008-9-1115第15頁/共48頁Superconducting C

5、ritical Magnetic Field2008-9-1116第16頁/共48頁172008-9-11Definition of Tc, Hc and Jc第17頁/共48頁Type I and Type II Superconductors2008-9-1118第18頁/共48頁Vortex State for Type II Superconductors2008-9-1119第19頁/共48頁202008-9-11第20頁/共48頁Vortex Pinning for Type II SuperconductorsTo induce defects to pin the vortic

6、es: Increasing Jc; Superconducting magnet2008-9-1121第21頁/共48頁Theoretical prediction of vortices in type II superconductorsFirst published in 1952 2008-9-1122第22頁/共48頁2003 Nobel Laureates for PhysicsAlexei A. Abrikosov Vitaly L. Ginzburg Anthony J. Leggett USA and Russia Russia United Kingdom and USA

7、 2008-9-1123第23頁/共48頁Theory of SuperconductivitynPhenomenological Theory London Theory Ginzberg-Landau-Abricosov-Gorkov TheorynMicroscopic Theory BCS Theory Other TheoriesMacroscopic Quantum Phenomenon =(r)=Aei(r)2008-9-1124第24頁/共48頁BCS Theory of Superconductivity2008-9-1125第25頁/共48頁超導(dǎo)機制超導(dǎo)機制Cooper電子

8、對電子對實空間實空間正常態(tài)正常態(tài)超導(dǎo)態(tài)超導(dǎo)態(tài)動量空間動量空間2008-9-1126第26頁/共48頁BCS Theory of Superconductivityn1972 Nobel Prize for PhysicsJohn Bardeen Leon Neil Cooper John Robert Schrieffer 2008-9-1127第27頁/共48頁Josephson Effectn1973 Nobel Prize for PhysicsCompleted the great work as a postgraduate!2008-9-1128第28頁/共48頁Supercond

9、ucting quantum interference device (SQUID) nThreshold for SQUID: 10-14 TnMagnetic field of heart:10-10 TnMagnetic field of brain: 10-13 T2008-9-1129第29頁/共48頁Discovery of HTSCnBackground Theory: Little, Ginzberg, Experiments:nOxides, the ceramic superconductors Ba(Pb,Bi)O3; LixTi2O4n(La,Ba)2CuO42008-

10、9-1130第30頁/共48頁Discovery of HTSCBednorz and Muller, Z. Physik B64, 189, (1986)2008-9-1131第31頁/共48頁Discovery of HTSCfor their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials K. Alexander Muller J. Georg Bednorzn1987 Nobel Prize for Physics2008-9-1132第32頁/共48頁Retrosp

11、ection on the Discovery of HTSCn(La,Ba)2CuO4: A French Group (B. Raveau) A Russian GroupnPioneer Proposal on Oxide Superconductor in China: Ba(Pb,Bi)O3nNew discovery and its impact on Science & Technology2008-9-1133第33頁/共48頁Common structure model of HTSC2008-9-1134第34頁/共48頁2008-9-1135第35頁/共48頁Electr

12、onic Phase Diagram of HTSC2008-9-1136第36頁/共48頁Superconducting Gap Functions(0,)(,0)(/2,/2)s-wave gapd-wave gap2008-9-1137第37頁/共48頁贗能隙現(xiàn)象與預(yù)超導(dǎo)配對 傳統(tǒng)超導(dǎo)體傳統(tǒng)超導(dǎo)體 Cooper對的出現(xiàn)與建立相干性同步完成. 一般單電子高溫超導(dǎo)體高溫超導(dǎo)體Tc一般單電子Cooper PairsBose-Einstein CondensationT*Tc漲落的Cooper對相干的Cooper對：BEC2008-9-1138第38頁/共48頁2008-9-1139第39頁/共

13、48頁nIs average field theory enough to elucidate HTSC?nNanoscale phase separations: key to the high-Tc?nThe Role of Quenched Disorder?2008-9-1140第40頁/共48頁2022-5-21New High-Tc SuperconductorsLaFeAsO, 1111, 56 KBaFe2As2, 122, 38 K第41頁/共48頁2022-5-21第42頁/共48頁2022-5-21111, LiFeAs, 18 K11, FeSe, 10 K第43頁/共

14、48頁2022-5-21Building Blocks第44頁/共48頁Mechanism of HTSC?揭示高溫超導(dǎo)機理 = 諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎發(fā)現(xiàn)室溫超導(dǎo)體= 諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎2008-9-1145第45頁/共48頁Nobel Prizes mark MILESTONES in the area of SUPERCONDUCTIVITYn1911 Discovery of superconductivity n1950-1957: GLAG Theory n1957 BCS Theoryn1962 Josephson Effectn1986 A. Mller and G. Bednorz: discovery of HTSCn? 2008-9-1146第46頁/共48頁思考題、調(diào)研題與習(xí)題n1. 論述理想導(dǎo)體與超導(dǎo)體之差別。n2. 目前為止，超導(dǎo)現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)在哪些系統(tǒng)中？你認(rèn)為未來的“新超導(dǎo)體”可能在哪些系統(tǒng)中被發(fā)現(xiàn)？n3. 超導(dǎo)研究的里程碑式的工作有哪些？n4. 調(diào)研“關(guān)于超導(dǎo)的應(yīng)用”。472008-9-11第47頁/共48頁482008-9-11感感謝您謝您的的觀觀看?？?。第48頁/共48頁