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1、Unit 2English around the worldReading高一人教新課標(biāo)必修一高一人教新課標(biāo)必修一Am EBr ELook at the pictures. Can you speak them in Look at the pictures. Can you speak them in American English and British English?American English and British English?soccerfootballAm EBr EeraserrubberAm EBr EliftelevatorAm EBr Eflatapartme

2、ntactually in fact 實際上實際上, 事實上事實上at present now 現(xiàn)在的、出席的現(xiàn)在的、出席的rule govern 統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治vocabulary words and expressions 詞匯、詞匯量詞匯、詞匯量gradually by degrees 逐漸地逐漸地New wordsofficial 官方的官方的 voyage 航行航行, 航海航海native 本國的本國的, 本地的本地的actually 事實上事實上latter 后者的后者的 identity 身份身份fluent 流利的流利的frequently 頻繁地頻繁地 be based on 以以

3、為基礎(chǔ)為基礎(chǔ)culture 文化文化 、文明、文明identity 身份身份government 政府政府rapidly 迅速地迅速地Singapore 新加坡新加坡Malaysia 馬來西亞馬來西亞Pre-readingRead the title “The Road to Modern English” and predict (預(yù)測預(yù)測) what the passage is mainly about?The road to modern EnglishThe roadthe development of English language More and more people sp

4、eak English.Native English speakers can understand each other but not everything.Para 1:Para 2:At the end of Later in the next century TodayEnglish is changing over time. (cultures & places)English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.Para 3-4:Para 5:A. How to learn English we

5、llB. The brief history of modern EnglishC. The way to England D. The difference between modern English and old EnglishChoose the main idea of the text. B CAREFUL READING: PARA 1-DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISHthe end of the 16th century the next century today peopleEnglandMany other countriesMore people spea

6、k in more countriesIf an American is talking to an Englishman,_.A. They will have almost no difficulty in understandingB. They will have a lot of misunderstandings between each otherC. The American finds it difficult to understand the EnglishmanD. The English man finds it difficult to follow the Ame

7、ricanPARA 2A WHY DOES ENGLISH CHANGE OVER TIME?Because of cultural communication.Read Para 3 and answer the question: How has English changed over time?AD 450-1150American Dictionary of the English Language was based more on Germanmore like French Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabularyAmerican E

8、nglish Australian EnglishPara 3-4(rule)(identity)British people went to Australia 1150-1500In the 1600s FIND OUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH TIME ACCORDING TO THE TIME AXIS.AD450-1150 800-1150 The time ADEL was written In the 1600s laterGermanless like German; more like FrenchShakespeares English Am

9、erican EnglishAustralian English The road to modern EnglishAD 450-1150 English was based more on _.AD 800-1150 English became _ like German Because those who _ England spoke first Danish and later French. In the 1600s _ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. GermanThe history of the Englis

10、h languagelessruledShakespeareThe road to modern EnglishIn 1620 Some British settlers moved to _.Later in the 18th centurySome British people were taken to _.1765-1947English became the language for_. AmericaAustralia government and education The road to modern EnglishBy the 19th century The English

11、 language was settled. Two big changes in _ happened: Samuel Johnson wrote his _ and Noah Webster wrote _Now English is also spoken as a foreign or second language _ _ and so on.English spellingdictionaryThe American Dictionary of the English Language.in South AsiaChina South Africa Samuel Johnson B

12、orn: September 18, 1709 Write a dictionary One of the English languages most profound influences. Two important persons in Para 4 Noah Webster Born: October 16, 1758Died: May 28, 1843When Noah was 43, he started writing the first American dictionary. He did this because Americans in different parts

13、of the country spelled, pronounced and used words differently. Why is India mentioned in the last paragraph?A. Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second language because of its long being ruled by Britain.B. Because India has a very large number of English speakers.C. Because

14、 India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life.D. Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.Para 5 A English is used asA first languageA second languageA foreign language in the UK, USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand and s

15、o on. in India, Pakistan, Nigeria the Philippines, and HK and so on. in China, and so on. timeplaceLanguage can change with time.Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.ConclusionFLOW CHARTThe Road To Modern EnglishEnglish is not all the sameEnglish changes over timeThe end of

16、16th CThe next centuryTodayMore like FrenchShake-speares timeEnglish speakers increasingEnglish spread inAsia and AfricaAm EAustralian EnglishIndiaOther coun-triesChinaBased on German1. English has/had the most speakers_.A.nowB. when the British ruled many parts of the worldC. in the time of Shakesp

17、eare D. in the 12th century2. Which of the following statement is true?A.Languages always stay the same.B. Languages change only after wars.C.Languages no longer change.D.Languages change when cultures change.A D Choose the correct answer.3. From AD 450 to 1150, English sounded more like _. A. Frenc

18、h B. Chinese C. German D. Russian4. Shakespeares English was spoken around _. A. 1400s B. 1150s C. 450s D. 1600s 5. Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world? A. Australia B. China C. India D. BritainC D B 1. Most English speakers in the 16th century lived in Engl

19、and.2. More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language.3. English began to be spoken in other countries in 17th century.TTTTrue or False4. Native English speakers cant understand each other because they dont speak the same kind of English. 5. As English is widely used, it will be mor

20、e and more important to have a good knowledge of English.6. Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.FTT7. From 1765 to 1947 English became the language for government and education in India. 8. America has the largest number of English learners. 9. English had the most spe

21、akers in the 17th century. 10. English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.TFFT11. Languages frequently change.12. The language of the government is always the language of the country. 13. English is one of the official languages used in India. 14. This reading describes the devel

22、opment of the English language. FTTF1. What is the clue of the passage?2. When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world? Time.In the 17th century.Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.3. Why does India have a large number of English speakers?India was ru

23、led by Britain from 1765 to 1947. And during that time English became the language for government and education.At first, only people in _ spoke English. Later, people from England _ to other parts, so English began to be spoken in _ _ _. Today, _ people speak English as their _, second or foreign l

24、anguage. _ English speakers _understand each other but _ _. Retell the text.England movedmany other countriesmorefirstNativecannot everythingAll languages change when _ communicate with one another. So there are British English, American English, Australian English and so on. They all have their own

25、 _. English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in _ _ _. Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.culturesidentitymany other countriesTHINKING Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes? “Only time will tell”. 1. Do you think it matters what kind of

26、English you learn? Why?2. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?Why do so many people want to learn English?To use for businessTo use in schoolTo talk to nativespeakersTo read EnglishbooksTo write to pen friendsTo listen to English music and movies1. Nearly all of them liv

27、ed in England.nearly和和almost 用法明辨：用法明辨：(1) 兩者通用的場合兩者通用的場合 a. 在肯定句中在肯定句中 b. 修飾修飾all, every, always 等時等時 c. 在行為動詞的否定式前時在行為動詞的否定式前時e.g. He is almost/nearly 80 years old.(2)只用只用almost 的場合的場合a. 和和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等連用時。等連用時。b. 和和too, more than 等連用時。等連用時。c. 和表示感覺或心理活動的靜態(tài)和表示感覺或

28、心理活動的靜態(tài) 動詞連用時。動詞連用時。e.g. There is almost none left. (3)只用只用nearly的場合的場合a. 被被 very, not, pretty 等修飾時。等修飾時。b. 和具體數(shù)字連用時和具體數(shù)字連用時(nearly常用常用)。如。如:Nearly 100 students attended the meeting.2. voyage 在此為可數(shù)名詞在此為可數(shù)名詞, 意為意為“旅行旅行, 航行航行”。如如： The Titanic went under on its first voyage. They supplied this ship wit

29、h enough food and necessities for a long voyage. I dont want to make the voyage without help. 拓展拓展 voyage還可用作動詞還可用作動詞, 意為意為“(乘船乘船) 航行航行, 航海航?！薄Ｈ纾?。如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. 注意區(qū)別名詞注意區(qū)別名詞travel, journey, trip和和voyage: travel 用作不可數(shù)名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞, 只用于泛指從只用于泛指從某地去另一地，如果某人在某段時間里某地去另一地，如

30、果某人在某段時間里到處走到處走, 可用可用travels；journey用作可數(shù)用作可數(shù)名詞名詞, 表示去某地所花表示去某地所花的時間和旅行的時間和旅行的距離的距離, 尤指較長距離的或定期的旅行尤指較長距離的或定期的旅行; trip用作可數(shù)名詞用作可數(shù)名詞, 表示非定期的表示非定期的, 也許也許較短的往返旅行較短的往返旅行; voyage則常指海上旅則常指海上旅行或太空旅行。行或太空旅行。 Air travel is becoming cheaper. Hes on his travels again. Lily had a long and difficult journey through

31、 the mountains last year. The kids are going on a trip to the castle.3. because of 后邊加名詞或動名詞短語；后邊加名詞或動名詞短語； because 是連詞是連詞, 所以后邊跟句子。所以后邊跟句子。 因為你的關(guān)心因為你的關(guān)心, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活充滿了希望。我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活充滿了希望。Because you are concerned about me, I find that life is full of hope.Because of your concern, I find that life is full of h

32、ope.因為雨下得很大因為雨下得很大, 那個男孩穿過樹林那個男孩穿過樹林回家了?；丶伊?。Because it rained heavily, the boy went back home through the woods.Because of the heavy rain, the boy went back home through the woods.4. than ever before “比以往任何時候更比以往任何時候更”than ever before可看作是可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。的省略形式。在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞

33、在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞 ever 與比較級與比較級和最高級連用，用來加強語氣。如和最高級連用，用來加強語氣。如:Youll speak English much better than ever before.Jane looks much prettier than ever before. ever在不同句型中的意義：在不同句型中的意義： 1) 曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng); 以前以前 (用于疑問句用于疑問句) 2) 無論什么時候都無論什么時候都 (不不) (用于否定句用于否定句) 3) 曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng) (用于用于if 從句從句) 4) 到底到底; 究竟究竟 (用于特殊疑問句用于特殊疑問句) 5) 永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn); 老是老

34、是 (用于肯定句用于肯定句)5. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.even if =even though “即使即使”, 用來引導(dǎo)用來引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句一個讓步狀語從句, 后面既可以用陳述后面既可以用陳述語氣語氣, 也可用虛擬語氣也可用虛擬語氣, 但是但是even if / though 引導(dǎo)的從句不用將來時。引導(dǎo)的從句不用將來時。如如:Even if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for

35、Beijing.用用if, as if, even if 填空。填空。(1) _ I had money, I wouldnt buy it.(2) _ I had money, I would buy it.(3) It looks _ it is going to rain.(even if 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句; if 引導(dǎo)條件引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句狀語從句; as if/though “似乎是似乎是”引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句)Even if If as if注意注意: (1) even if (= even though): in spite of the fact; n

36、o matter whether 即使即使; 盡管盡管是連詞詞組是連詞詞組, 用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句; 若主、若主、從句皆表示將來情況從句皆表示將來情況, 從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。時代替將來時。(2) even if 從句所說的不那么肯定。從句所說的不那么肯定。 even though 從句是事實。從句是事實。e.g: Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) (Even) though he is poor, she loves him. (=

37、He is poor, yet she loves him.)When talking to a friend over the telephone, you feel that you are close _ the actual distance is not shortened. A. but B. even if C. so D. becauseB A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. The sun comes up in the east. New shoots of bamboo will come

38、 up from around the roots of the old ones. Your question came up at the meeting. come about 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生6. come up 上來上來, 走近走近; 發(fā)芽發(fā)芽; 被提出被提出; 升起升起 走走近近, 上上來來 升起升起被提出被提出 come across 偶然遇到或找到偶然遇到或找到come around 恢復(fù)恢復(fù); 還原還原; 改變某人的改變某人的 意見或立場意見或立場come down 傳承傳承; 按習(xí)慣通過或處理按習(xí)慣通過或處理come out 成為眾所周知成為眾所周知; 發(fā)行或發(fā)表發(fā)行或

39、發(fā)表; 結(jié)果結(jié)果; 自己公開宣布自己公開宣布come over 過來過來; 偶然拜訪偶然拜訪come up with 宣布或發(fā)現(xiàn)宣布或發(fā)現(xiàn) The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.7. So why has English changed over time?那么那么, 英語在一段時間里為什么會起變化呢？英語在一段時間里為什么會起變化呢？over 貫穿貫穿, 經(jīng)過經(jīng)過 (一段時間一段時間)e.g.經(jīng)過這些年經(jīng)過這些年, 他變得更有耐心。他變得更有耐心。 Over the years, he has become more patient.

40、周末她會來杭州。周末她會來杭州。She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend.圣誕節(jié)時你在家嗎？圣誕節(jié)時你在家嗎？Will you stay at home over Christmas?over 超過超過(=more than), 再三再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的當(dāng)時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的,而現(xiàn)代英語不是。而現(xiàn)代英語不是。1) b

41、ase v. 意為意為“以以為根據(jù)為根據(jù), 把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)在把基礎(chǔ)設(shè)在”, 常構(gòu)成短語常構(gòu)成短語base sth. on/upon sth。如：。如：This novel is based on fact.這部小說是以事實為根據(jù)的。這部小說是以事實為根據(jù)的。The paper had intended to base itself in London.This film is based on a novel by D. H. Lawrence.拓展拓展base還可用作名詞還可用作名詞, 意為意為“底部底部, 基地基地, 基礎(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)”等。如等。如:There is a door at the base

42、 of the tower.How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil?Many languages have Latin as their base.掌握掌握base構(gòu)成的兩個短語：構(gòu)成的兩個短語：be off base 完全錯誤完全錯誤, 大錯特錯大錯特錯touch base (with) sb(跟某人跟某人) 聯(lián)系上聯(lián)系上, 逗留逗留2) morethan 是是而不是而不是;與其說與其說不如說不如說; 中間接相同中間接相同成分。成分。He is more a friend than a teacher.He i

43、s more lazy than stupid.擴展擴展: more than 不僅僅不僅僅; 多于多于; 十分十分e.g. He is more than a teacher in our school.He made more than ten friends in this club.She is more than beautiful.rather than 而不是而不是; less than少于；少于；other than 除除之外之外3) present adj. 當(dāng)前的當(dāng)前的, 現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的 (作前置定語作前置定語)Did you see the present national

44、 leaders?Can you tell us something about the present situation?出席的出席的, 在場的在場的 (作表語或后置定語作表語或后置定語) Our teacher was present at the meeting.All the people present agree to my plan. n. 目前目前, 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在; 禮物禮物I cant spare time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents?at present

45、: now; at this time/moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you. 她現(xiàn)在很忙她現(xiàn)在很忙, 不能跟你談話。不能跟你談話。At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 目前他是劍橋大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)教授。目前他是劍橋大學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)教授。vt. 贈與，給，贈與，給， 提出提出present sb. with sth. 或或present sth. to sb.把把交給交給, 頒發(fā)頒發(fā), 授予授予 如如:Mother presented a gift to me jus

46、t now.On his birthday, his friends presented him with a series of readers/presented a series of readers to him. (送給他一套送給他一套讀者讀者) 9. Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亞使用了比以往任何時候更為莎士比亞使用了比以往任何時候更為廣泛的詞匯量。廣泛的詞匯量。make use of 利用利用, 使用使用make good/full use of 充分使用充分使用make no us

47、e of sth. 沒有利用沒有利用 We could make good use of our resources.我們應(yīng)該充分利用好我們的資源。我們應(yīng)該充分利用好我們的資源。Every minute should be made good use of. 每一分鐘都應(yīng)該很好地利用。每一分鐘都應(yīng)該很好地利用。She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel.We should make good use of time to study. 拓展拓展 make構(gòu)成的常見短語構(gòu)成的常見短語: make of、make from 通

48、常用于被動語態(tài)通常用于被動語態(tài), 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成be made of、be made from 都都表示表示“由由制成制成”。其中其中be made of 表示在產(chǎn)品中能夠看出表示在產(chǎn)品中能夠看出原材料原材料; be made from 表示在產(chǎn)品中表示在產(chǎn)品中看不出原材料?？床怀鲈牧稀ake up 編寫編寫, 編造；和解編造；和解make up of 由由組成組成/構(gòu)成；構(gòu)成；make up for 彌補彌補, 補償補償make out 理解理解, 弄懂弄懂; 看清看清, (勉強勉強) 辨認(rèn)出辨認(rèn)出; 假裝假裝, 裝成裝成make into 制成制成make it 成功成功, 辦成辦成; 及時

49、趕到及時趕到10. the number of/ a number ofthe number of “的數(shù)目的數(shù)目”, 接可數(shù)接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), 其后其后謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.a number of 許多許多, 大量大量 (后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞), 其后謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)其后謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(a great number of/a large number of/ a small number of )A number of teachers agree with

50、me.The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B. was; wasC. was; were D. were; wereC注意注意: 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的 a large/great/good number of, a good/great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large am

51、ount of, quite a little, a large sum of 既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of 11. such as & for example such as 用來列舉事物時用來列舉事物時, 一般列舉同類一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子且所列舉事物的人或事物中的幾個例子且所列舉事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和, 一旦相等一旦相等, 要用要用that is 或或namely.I have three good

52、 friends, such as John, Jack and Tom.He can speak four languages, such as English and French.for example: 用來舉例說明某一論點或用來舉例說明某一論點或情況，一般只舉同類人或物中的情況，一般只舉同類人或物中的 “一一個個” 為例，作插入語，可位于句首，為例，作插入語，可位于句首，句中或句尾，通常與所給的例子用逗句中或句尾，通常與所給的例子用逗號隔開，其后的例子可以是從句。號隔開，其后的例子可以是從句。Ball games, for example, have spread around th

53、e world.There are many kinds of pollution (污染污染) Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.用用such as, for example, namely填空填空(1) Students, _ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from.(2) Wear something simple, _, a skirt and blouse. (3) He knows six languages, _ Chinese, French, English, Spanish, Russian

54、 and Portuguese.such asfor examplenamely12. Only time can tell. 惟有時間將能證明。惟有時間將能證明。tell vi. 顯示出顯示出; 發(fā)生影響發(fā)生影響; 起作用起作用; 判斷判斷tell A from B: 區(qū)分區(qū)分, 分別分別Can you tell Tom from his twin brother?13. frequently adv. 經(jīng)常地經(jīng)常地, 頻繁地頻繁地e.g. He was frequently drunk.Stores of grain are frequently attacked by pests.fre

55、quently的形容詞是的形容詞是frequent, 意為意為 “經(jīng)常的經(jīng)常的, 頻繁的頻繁的”。如：。如：He is a frequent visitor to our house.Her headaches are becoming less frequent.Frequent 還可用作動詞還可用作動詞, 意為意為“常到常到, 常去常去”。如。如：The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre.These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds. Homework 1. Memorizethenewwords.2. Retell the passage.3. Finish exercises in Learning about language.