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1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1）概念概念虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反?；蚺c事實(shí)相反。2）在條件句中的應(yīng)用在條件句中的應(yīng)用條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣。wereV-edshould (wouldcould, might)should (wouldcould, might)

2、shouldwere toshould (wouldcould, might)had Ved 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點(diǎn)：1.假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而頂。假設(shè)的時(shí)間而頂。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teac

3、hers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2.假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should， were， had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞可以把if省略，并將省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。這三個(gè)詞提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your

4、advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?注意：注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用

5、were，不用，不用was，即在從句中即在從句中be用用were代替。代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題典型例題_todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI在虛擬條件狀語中如果有在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞主語提前這三個(gè)詞主語提前,變成變成were,sh

6、ould,had+主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo.,而不能說而不能說WerentItodo.1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediate

7、ly. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be3. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved5.

8、You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A.would B. should have C. may D. have 6. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow7. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. migh

9、t not have made8. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should beIf you had not slept with the window open,you would not have caught a cold.If I were not to have a test, I would go to the concert tonight.If he were here, he sh

10、ould help us.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses. Eg. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.AnswersA (1) had not studied (3) had studied (5)

11、knew (7) could helpPart A(2) would not be(4) would have(6) would be(8) would not be 2.useotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbut fortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals Without air , there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done it. I was busy that day.

12、Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.)(If there were not air)(If it hadnt been for your help)3.Inadverbialclausesintro

13、ducedby even if,as if,as thoughandif onlywecanuseunrealconditionals.即使生了病，他也去辦公室。 Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. Answers(1) Without(3) otherw

14、ise/or(5)With(7) even if(9) If onlyPart B(2) otherwise/or(4) wish(6) Without(8) without(10) as if虛擬語氣特殊句型：虛擬語氣特殊句型：1.wish/if only 現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did（were）haddonewoulddo 1.IwishIwereabird.（現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在）2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.（過去）（過去）3.Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.（將來）（將來） If only I knew his name!If onl

15、y we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣他希望他沒講那樣的話。的話。Iwishitwouldraintomo

16、rrow.我希望明下雨就好我希望明下雨就好了。了。2）wishtodo表達(dá)法。表達(dá)法。wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2. wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow. Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhad done

17、3.Its(about/high)time+thatshould dodid你該走了。你該走了。我們?cè)撊ノ覀冊(cè)撊ニX了。睡覺了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1.賓語從句。常見動(dòng)詞：賓語從句。常見動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即1.insist2.

18、order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用使用should+動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形，或者將詞原形，或者將should省略。省略。我們建議我們建議Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌esuggestedthatTomhavearest.Heinsisted

19、thatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：注意：如如suggest,insist不表示不表示建議建議或或堅(jiān)堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用時(shí)，賓語從句

20、用陳述語氣陳述語氣。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewas以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛主語從句，表語從句和同位語也

21、要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。擬語氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesire1.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened2. -Dont you think it necessary

22、that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what3. If I _plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. wo

23、uld B. could C. had to D. ought toItssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.5. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形It is important that w

24、e ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.6. 某些簡單句的固定句型：某些簡單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!I. Multiple choice:1. We demanded that we _ of any chan

25、ge in the plan. A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed2. Its necessary that he _ a recognized qualification. A. has B.have C. had D. having3. Its high time we _ our attention to this problem. A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn4. If only you _ him what I said!

26、 Everything would have been all right. A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tell D. would have not told5. He must have had an accident, or he_ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_ before. A. had

27、 invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented7. _ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they8. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D.

28、 caught9. You _ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing. A. shouldnt have washed B. mustnt have washed C. can not have washed D. neednt have washed10. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very o

29、ften. A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. A. were not played B. not

30、to play C. not be played D. did not play13. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone14. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected15

31、. If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve16. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned17.

32、You _ her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. A. neednt have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. cant have seen18. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned19. It

33、is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started20. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept21.

34、I _ her to the party but I didnt know her well. A. ought have invited B. would have invited C. should invite D. may have invited22. You _ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow. A. neednt go B. should not go C. had better not go D. neednt have gone23.- Would you have called her

35、 up had it been possible? -Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. Was B. were C. had been D. would be24. It was essential that the application forms _back before the deadline A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent25. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we l

36、eave B. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leaveII. Translation:1.我不知道他的電話號(hào)碼,否則我就打電話給他了。I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.2. 他本可以給你更多的幫助，即使他很忙。 He might have given you more help, even tho

37、ugh he was very busy.3.-如果可能的話你會(huì)不會(huì)打電話給他？ -會(huì)的，不過我當(dāng)時(shí)在忙著做家庭作業(yè)呢。- Would you have called her up had it been possible?- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework. 4如果你昨晚沒有看電影那么晚的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)那么困了。If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. 5. 沒有電，今天人類的生活就完全不同了。Without electricity, human life would be quite different today