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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,*,Chapter 3 International Cargo Transportation,Introduction,The transportation of goods,in international trade,is one of the most important steps.This is because in international trade where an exporter and an

2、importer are always far apart,the goods under the contract have to go a long distance and sometimes changes several carriers in transit before they reach the importer.In international business,it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed convey

3、ance after the contract has been signed,according to the stipulated time,and transport methods in the contract.,Methods of the Delivery,As to the methods of delivery in international practice,there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased,such as ocean transport,railway transport,air transpor

4、t,river and lake transport,postal transport,road transport,pipelines transport,land bridge transport and international multimode transport and so on.The buyer and seller can decide which method will be the best for goods to be transported according for goods characteristics,quantity,transit journey,

5、value,time,the natural conditions and so on.,1 Ocean Transport,Ocean transport is the most widely used form of transportations in international trade.It has the attraction of being a cheap mode of transport for delivering large quantities of goods over long distance.,So far as foreign trade is conce

6、rned,goods transport is mostly(over 80%of world trade in volume terms)done by ocean vessel.,1 Ocean Transport,1.The Characteristics of Ocean Transport,Easy Passage,Large Capacity,Low Cost,Good Adaptability,1 Ocean Transport,2.Ocean Transport,1)Liner transport,(1)Characteristics of Liner,A liner is a

7、 passenger or cargo vessel that operates over a regular rout according to an advertised time-table.,1 Ocean Transport,Fixed rout,ports,schedule and relatively fixed freight.,Loading and unloading charges included in freight.,Good service.,Simple procedures.,Ideal for cargo of small quantity.,Some Fa

8、mous Shipping Companies,MAERSK SEALAND,馬士基海陸有限公司,MSC,地中海航運公司,EVERGREEN,長榮海運股份有限公司,COSCO,中國遠洋集裝箱運輸,有限公司（中外集運）,CSCL,中,海集裝箱運輸,股份有限公司（中,海,集運）,MAERSK SEALAND,MSC,EVERGREEN,COSCO,1 Ocean Transport,(2)Freight of Liners,Freight=Basic freight+Surcharges,The basic standards for calculating freight are stipula

9、ted as follows:,W,M,A.V.,W/M,W/M or A.V.,W/M plus A.V.,Per Unit;Per Head.,1 Ocean Transport,The main surcharges are shown as follows:,Heavy lift additional,超重附加費,Long length surcharge,超長附加費,Direct additional,直航附加費,Transshipment surcharge,轉(zhuǎn)船附加費,Port congestion surcharge,港口擁擠費,Port surcharge,港口附加費,Dev

10、iation surcharge,繞航附加費,Bunker surcharge or bunker adjustment factor(BAF),燃料附加費,Ice surcharge,冷凍附加費,Cleaning tank surcharge,熏艙附加費,1 Ocean Transport,(3)Calculation of liner freight,Translate the English name of the commodity,find out the freight standard of calculating or the freight grade.,Find out t

11、he basic freight rate in the route freight tariff according to the grades and purpose sea route,then the relative surcharges for the suitable route and basic port.,The basic freight rate plus various additional surcharges is the freight per freight ton.,1 Ocean Transport,2)Charter transport,Shipping

12、 by chartering is also called tramp.A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing.It is first in one trade and then in another,always seeking those ports where a demand is at the moment for shipping space.,It falls into three kinds:voya

13、ge charter,time charter and demise charter.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,1.Ocean Bill of Lading,1)The concept of B/L,B/L is a document given by a shipping company,representing both a receipt for the goods shipped and contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper.It is also a docu

14、ment of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assignee the right of possession.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,2)The contents of B/L,(1)The contents on obverse side of B/L,(2)The content on reverse side of B/L,2 Ocean Transport Documents,3)The classification of B/L,(1)On board B/L and received fo

15、r shipment B/L,A shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain steamer.,According to general foreign trade practices,only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by banks for payment under a L/C.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(2)Clean B/L and unclean B/L,According to

16、 whether there are notes on the B/L,it falls into two kinds:clean B/L and unclean B/L.,A clean B/L shows that the goods have been shipped on board,in apparent good order and condition,and there is no modification of the ship-owner.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,Unclean B/L is generally marked“insufficiently packed”,“covers old and stained”,“wet by rain”,“packed in damaged condition”,“unclean”,“foul”,etc.There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging,unprotected machi