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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,*,*,*,體裁：記敘文(2021湖南高考作文題)　話題：生活中我們曾有喪失物品而又找回的經(jīng)歷，其間有煩惱、喜悅、感慨……,,[佳作選登],,①I have a precious pen, which was given to me as a birthday present by one of my best friends. I like it very much. However, this pen once had an unusual experience.,When I was a st

2、udent of Grade Two, I lost my precious pen because of carelessness when our school was holding a sports meeting. I almost felt crazy when I realized that it was missing. I searched the playground carefully and even the road leading to my home. I put up several notices with its title－My Precious Pen

3、Lost, in which I promised to pay the one who gives me the pen back to 100 yuan. Several days later, I heard my name called by someone. It was a girl with a pen in her hand. ②,I felt excited to see my precious pen back. I thanked this kind girl again and again, who didn't accept the money I gave her

4、as a reward.,From the unusual experience of my precious pen, I learn that we should be thankful to those who always do good deeds and also be ready to do what we can to help others.,,[佳句變式],,①－A：I have a precious pen, which was a birthday present given to me by one of my best friends.,,①－B：I have a

5、precious pen and it was a birthday present that was given to me by one of my best friends.,②－A：I felt so excited to see my precious pen back that I thanked this kind girl again and again, who didn't accept the money I gave her as a reward.,,②－B：I felt excited to see my precious pen back and thanked

6、this kind girl again and again, but she didn't accept the money I gave her as a reward.,1．,,,v,t,.　　　　　 包括；包含,include,ruin,2． n. 廢墟；遺跡；消滅；崩潰,restore,3．,,,v,t,. 修復；重建,rebuild,4．,,,v,t,. 重建；復原；改造,Ⅰ.高頻單詞必記,,一、考綱詞匯識記,5．,,,v,t,.&,n,. 損害；傷害,6．,,,adj,. 古代的；古老的,7． n

7、. 方案；方案；工程,8．,,,n,. 官員；公務員,,adj,. 官方的；正式的；公務的,damage,ancient,project,official,9．,,,v,t,.代表；表現(xiàn),→,,,n,．代表,adj,.,,典型的；有代表性的,10．,,,n,．美；美景；美好的人或事物,→,,,v,t,.,,美化,→,,adj,.美好的；美麗的,11．,,,v,i,.聯(lián)合；團結(jié),→,,,n,．聯(lián)合；結(jié)合；聯(lián)盟,represent,beauty,unite,union,12．,,,v,t,.限制；限定,n,．界限；限度,→,,adj,.有限,,的,→,,,adj,.無限的,

8、limit,limited,representative,beautify,beautiful,limitless,二、高頻詞匯活用,,(一)一言辨異,,13．In our daily life，we use fuels which ________ the,,environment badly.It is reported that 25,000 deaths per-year are caused by air ________.(pollute),答案：,pollute；pollution,(二)用breath及其派生詞的適當形式填空,,14．(1)We had great diffic

9、ulty in ________，for the air was,,thin.,,(2)The performance left me ________ with excitement.,,(3)Jack took a deep ________ and then dived into the water.,答案：,(1)breathing　(2)breathless　(3)breath,1．,,基于,base on,2．,,遭受襲擊,3．,,讓步；投降,4．,,成為廢墟；遭到嚴重破壞,5．,,放棄(念頭、希望等)；停止；,,拋棄；認輸；對,……,絕望,6．,,使蘇醒；使生動；使活潑,unde

10、r attack,give in,in ruins,give up,bring...back to life,Ⅱ.重點短語必背,7．,,實現(xiàn),come true,8．,,拆毀；摧毀；推翻,9．,,損害，破壞,10．,,設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立,11．,,改變主意,12．,,留神；照料,pull down,cause/do damage to,set up,change one's mind,look out,Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型必會,,1．,Where,there is a river，there is a city.,,凡有河流的地方，必有城市。,,解讀：where引導地點狀語從句，含有條件意味。,,仿寫：有希望

11、之處，生命就生生不息。,,________ there is hope，there is life.,,答案：Where,2．We will not let our history and culture be destroyed，,,and we will,do everything we can to save,our city!,,我們不會讓我們的歷史和文化被毀壞，我們要竭盡全力來拯救我們的城市！,,解讀：do everything we can to do sth.盡力做某事。,,仿寫：她總是樂于盡力幫助有困難的人。,,She is always ready to __________

12、________________ those in trouble.,,答案：do everything she can to help,3．,Strong，proud and united,，the people of St Petersburg,,are the modern heroes of Russia.,,圣彼得堡的人民堅強、自豪、團結(jié)一致，他們是當代的俄羅斯英雄。,,解讀：strong，proud and united為形容詞短語作狀語。,,仿寫：又冷又餓，他挨家挨戶乞討。,,______________________，he begged from door to door.

13、,,答案：Cold and hungry,4．,It is said to be,the city's largest ever cultural relics repair,,project.,,據(jù)說這項工程是這個城市有史以來最大的文化遺址修復工程。,,解讀：sb./sth. is said to be據(jù)說某人/某物是……。,,仿寫：據(jù)說她是班里最優(yōu)秀的學生。,,________________________________the best student in the class.,,答案：She is said to be,1．represent,vt,.代表，表示；表現(xiàn)；描述；象征；

14、相當于,,[,教材P44原句,],You can select five things that,represent,Chinese culture，but you cannot put any living things in the capsule.你可以選出五種能夠代表中國文化的事物，但不能將有生命的物品放入太空艙。,(1)represent...to do sth.　　　 代表,……,做某事,,represent...as/to be... 把,……描繪成……，,,聲稱……是……,,represent oneself as/to be... 自稱是,……,,represent

15、 sth.to sb. 向某人陳述,……,,(2)representative,n,. 代表,,,adj,. 典型的，有代表性的,①He will represent our class to attend the meeting.,,他將代表我們班出席會議。,,②He had,,an employee in order to gain access to the files.,,為了能夠看到這些檔案，他佯稱自己是公司員工。,,③Parents must represent to their children the risk of getting addicted to

16、the Internet.,,父母必須向孩子說明沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的危險性。,represented himself as,2．include v．包括，把……列在內(nèi),,[教材P44原句]You may also include a short message (two sentences) in any language in the box ...,,你還可以放進盒子里一張用任何一種語言寫成的短信息(兩句話)……,,①His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary sch

17、ool teachers.,,(2021·北京高考閱讀A),,他的課程包括各種化裝課和許多給未來的小學教師設(shè)立的講座。,(1)include sb./sth.(in/among/on sth.),,使某人/某物成為整體中的一局部,,include doing sth.　包括做某事,,(2)including prep. 包括……(常引起一個解釋性短語),,(3)included 包括……在內(nèi)(常用于獨立結(jié)構(gòu),,中，放于名詞或代詞之后),①Robert had always wanted to include such a man in a sto

18、ry.羅伯特一直希望故事里有這樣一個人物。,,②Her daily work includes cleaning the office and answering calls.她日常的工作包括清掃辦公室和接 。,,③China is willing to face the problem of the climate change with all countries， the developing and the developed.中國愿意同所有國家一道來應對氣候變化問題，包括開展中國家和興旺國家。,,④Twelve people were awa

19、rded at the meeting，a boy of twelve .,,十二人在會上受到嘉獎，其中包括一名十二歲的男孩。,including,included,contain，include,,(1)contain含有，包含，容納，里面裝有，側(cè)重所含的量和成分，不用于進行時態(tài)。另外，contain有“克制，抑制〞之意。,,(2)include著重強調(diào)所包括的人或事物為整體的一局部。,巧學,,助記,,[自填助記],,用contain，include的適當形式填空,,①The three-day tour will,,a visit to the Bird

20、's Nest and the Water Cube.,,②This new book,,all the poems by the writer from 1980 to 1996.,include,contains,3．ruin n．消滅；崩潰 (pl.)廢墟；遺跡 vt.消滅；毀壞,,[教材P45原句]St Petersburg was almost in ruins：fires burned everywhere.,,圣彼得堡幾乎變成廢墟：到處都是大火。,,①Don't let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.,,不要讓小小的爭執(zhí)損害

21、你們的友誼。,,②She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.,,她回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)家具全被洪水毀壞了。,(1)(be/lie) in ruins　　　　 成為廢墟,,fall into ruin/go to ruin 消滅；滅亡,,bring sb.to ruin 使某人失?。皇箖A家蕩產(chǎn),,(2)ruin one's reputation 使某人名聲掃地,,ruin one‘s health 把身體搞垮,③The big fire

22、left the whole city,,in only two days.,,僅用了兩天的時間大火就使整個城市成為了廢墟。,,④A large number of temples fell into ruin before liberation.,,解放前，許多寺廟都毀了。,in ruins,4．breath,n,．呼吸；氣息,,[教材P48原句],The carbon dioxide from their breath is damaging the paintings.,,他們呼出的二氧化碳正損壞著這些畫。,(1)take a deep breath　　 深深地吸一口氣,,hold on

23、e's breath 屏住呼吸,,lose one's breath 喘不過氣來,,out of breath 上氣不接下氣,,(2)breathe,v,. 呼吸,,breathe hard/heavily 大口喘氣，費力喘氣,,breathe in/out 吸/呼氣,,(3)breathless,adj,. 屏息的；氣喘吁吁的,①We'd take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic.,,(2021·湖北高考閱讀E),,在上

24、班的路上我們要做幾次深呼吸，而不是抱怨繁忙的交通。,,②Time was running out.We all to see which team would win the match.,,時間快用完了，我們都屏住呼吸看看哪個隊將贏得比賽。,,③When he hurried home，he was almost .,,當他匆匆趕回家時，幾乎是上氣不接下氣。,,④He was breathing hard when he finished the race.,,賽跑結(jié)束時，他不停地

25、大口喘氣。,held our breath,out of breath,5．limit vt.限制；限定 n．[C]限度；限制 (pl.)范圍；極限,,[教材P48原句]Second，the number of visitors should be limited.,,第二，游客的數(shù)量應該受到限制。,,①There are no obvious limits to the escalation (增加) of demands for quality. (2021·重慶高考閱讀E),,在質(zhì)量上不斷提升的要求似乎是沒有止境的。,,②A lack of formal education w

26、ill limit your job opportunities.,,缺少正規(guī)的教育會限制你就業(yè)的時機。,(1)set a limit/limits to　　　對……加以限制,,reach one's limit 到達極限,,within the limit of 在……范圍內(nèi),,(2)limit...to 把……限制……之內(nèi),,(3)limited adj. 有限的；少的；小的,③They did well,,their knowledge.,,由于知識所限，他們已經(jīng)做得很好了。,,④I believe teaching should not,,the classro

27、om.我認為教學不應該局限在教室內(nèi)。,within the limit of,be limited to,(2021·湖北高考)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ________ our thinking.,,A．direct　　　　　　　　 B．limit,,C．change D．improve,,解析： 考查動詞詞義辨析。 句意： 如是我們想成功， 學識很重要， 但是它們也可能會限制我們的思維。 direct“指導， 管理〞； limit“限制〞

28、； change“改變〞； improve“改善， 改進〞。,,答案：B,Ⅰ.單詞拼寫,,1．________(污染) causes a threat to the continued,,existence of this species.,答案：,Pollution,2．Numbers of people were buried under the ________(廢,,墟) in the earthquake.,答案：,ruins,3．Many students in our class took part in the summer camp，,,________(包括) Sus

29、an and Mary.,4．Many people suffered from ________(文化) shock when,,they came abroad.,5．The garden they visited was such a great ________(美),,that they didn't want to leave.,答案：,beauty,答案：,culture,答案：,including,6．As long as we ________(團結(jié)) together，we can finally,,succeed.,答案：,unite,7．The house has be

30、en ________(修復) to the way it,,looked in 1900 when it was built.,答案：,restored,8．Joe was on his feet again after such a long ________(一,,段時期) in hospital.,答案：,period,Ⅱ.單項填空,,1．(2021·濟南高三檢測)When we got to top of the,,mountain, we were nearly ________.,,A．under our breath　　　　 B．lost our breath,,C．caugh

31、t our breath D．out of breath,,解析：句意：到達山頂時，我們幾乎上氣不接下氣了。out of breath“上氣不接下氣〞，符合句意。lose one's breath“喘不過氣來〞；catch one's breath“屏息〞。,,答案：D,2．(2021·南安高三檢測)Today the public is much,,concerned about the way ________.,,A．nature is being ruined B．which nature is ruined,,C．on which to ruin nature D．o

32、f nature to be ruined,,解析：考查the way的定語。句意：當今公眾非常關(guān)心大自然正遭受怎樣的破壞。the way表示“方式，方法〞時，其后可跟that，in which引導的定語從句，實際應用中關(guān)系詞常省略；也可跟不定式或of短語，構(gòu)成the way to do sth.或the way of doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。,,答案：A,3．(2021·皖南八校聯(lián)考)—How much shall I pay for the,,trip?,,—$800 in total，hotels and meals ________.,,A．to include B．inclu

33、ding,,C．included D．a(chǎn)re included,,解析：答句句意：總共八百美元，賓館住宿和飲食也包括在內(nèi)。included常放在名詞或代詞之后，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,,答案：C,4．The traffic department has taken effective measures,,________ the car speed in the town and ________ the traffic accidents.,,A．limiting; cut off B．to limit; cut up,,C．limiting; cut out D．to lim

34、it; cut down,,解析：句意：交通部門已采取有效措施以限制城鎮(zhèn)的車輛速度，減少交通事故。第一個空表示目的，and連接兩個并列的成分，所以選D。,,答案：D,5．As our head teacher ________ it, “Lei Feng will always,,live in our hearts, because his spirit ________ some of the best qualities of us human beings.〞,,A．says; presents B．puts; represents,,C．explains; stands

35、D．expresses; means,,解析：句意：正如我們班主任說的，“雷鋒永遠活在我們心中，因為他的精神代表了人類最優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)。〞 put“表達(思想，評論)〞；第二個空應該用represent“代表〞。,,答案：B,1．give in讓步；投降；屈服；交上,,[教材P45原句]It was under attack for 900 days，but the people of the city never gave in.,,雖然被圍困了900天，但這個城市的人們卻從未屈服過。,,①At this climate conference，our government gave in in

36、order to protect the benefits of other developing countries.在氣候大會上，為保護其他開展中國家的利益，我國政府作出了讓步。,,②Please give your homework in as soon as possible.,,請盡快把作業(yè)交上來。,give away　　　 出賣；泄露；暴露；贈送,,give off 發(fā)出(蒸汽、光等)；長出(枝、杈等),,give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；發(fā)表；用盡；,,精疲力竭,,give up 放棄(念頭、希望等)；停止；拋棄；認輸,③The old lady

37、 most of her savings to the children in the disaster-stricken area.,,老太太把她的大局部積蓄都捐給了災區(qū)的孩子們。,,④After two days our food ，and we had to return.兩天后食物耗盡了，我們只好返回。,gave away,gave out,2．bring...back to life使蘇醒；使恢復生機,,[,教材P45原句,],Painters and workers had to be very careful when

38、 they were trying to,bring,the city,back to life,.,,當畫家和工人們在盡力使這個城市恢復生機時，他們必須十分小心。,,①Only by hard work can the people of the town bring their hometown back to life.,,只有通過辛勤勞動，城鎮(zhèn)的人們才能使他們的城鎮(zhèn)恢復生機。,bring about　　　　引起；致使；造成,,bring back 回憶；使返回；帶回來；恢復,,bring in 生產(chǎn)；掙得；介紹；引進,,bring up 教育；培養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐,,br

39、ing down 使倒下；降低；減少,,bring along 把……帶來,,bring out 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出；說明；出版,②But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. (2021·北京高考閱讀C),,但是這些結(jié)果進一步說明壓力可能會帶來雙重影響。,,③My photographs of Shanghai memories of my childhood there.,,我在上海拍的照片使我回想起在那里度過的童

40、年。,,④The discussion came alive when an interesting topic,,.,,引入有趣的話題后，討論開始生動起來。,brought back,was brought in,3．set up建起；設(shè)立；開辦；資助(某人)，扶持(某人)；建立,,事業(yè),,[教材P47原句]The villagers set up a website to help people learn more about the cultural relics.,,村民們建立了一個網(wǎng)站來幫助人們更多地了解那些文化遺產(chǎn)。,,①Let's set up the tent firs

41、t，and build a fire later.,,我們首先把帳篷搭起來，然后生火。,,②More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.,,(2021·遼寧高考閱讀C),,最近，中國政府已經(jīng)在80多個國家建立了孔子學院。,set about　　開始，著手,,set aside 留出，撥出(時間等)；把……擱置一邊,,set down 放下；記下；寫下,,set off 出發(fā)，啟程；引起；(使)爆炸,,set out 動身，啟程；開始

42、；擺放；說明，陳述,,set free 釋放,,set foot on/in 踏上，到達，進入,③I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.,,我著手研究蛇的習性，以便能用最簡易的方法來捕蛇。,,④,,some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes.,,每天都留出一點時間來寫作，哪怕五分鐘也行。,,⑤They are expected to,,to look into the case th

43、is week.,,他們有可能在本周開始調(diào)查這一案子。,Set aside,set out,(2021·全國卷Ⅱ)We ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.,,A．set about B．set up,,C．set out D．set down,,解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們開始著手刷整座房子，但是那天只刷完了前面的局部。set out to do sth.表示“著手做某事〞，符合句意。其他三項均不符合句意。,,答案：C,1．It is easier to _

44、_______________ than to build up.,答案：,pull down,Ⅰ.選詞填空,in ruins，give in，bring...back to life，come true，under attack，pull down,2．Although the doctors did everything they could，they,,weren't able to ____________ him __________________.,答案：,bring；back to life,3．Both sides argued with reason，but neither

45、 would,,________.,4．I hope his dream of becoming an artist will,,______________________________________________.,答案：,give in,答案：,come true,5．When an animal is ______________，it can run away,,or fight back.,答案：,under attack,6．It's impossible to rebuild these old temples，because,,they are all ________

46、________.,答案：,in ruins,Ⅱ.單項填空,,1．(2021·福建高考)You had better ________ some time every,,day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.,,A．set aside B．take up,,C．put away D．give out,,解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：你最好每天留出點時間來進行體育鍛煉，以便使你保持精力充分。set aside“把……放置一旁；不理會；留出〞；take up“拿起；抱起；繼續(xù)〞；put away“收起來；放好；儲存

47、〞；give out“分發(fā)；公布；耗盡〞。,,答案：A,2．(2021·桂林質(zhì)檢)I know my brother well. Once he has,,made up his mind, nothing can change it, but instead I usually ________.,,A．give off B．give away,,C．give out D．give in,,解析：give off“發(fā)出〞；give away“泄露；分發(fā)；捐贈〞；give out“分發(fā)；公布；用盡〞；give in“屈服；讓步；交上〞。根據(jù)句意選D項。,,答案：D,3．(2021·

48、阜新高三一模)Nearly all educators believe that a,,challenging situation can often ________ the best qualities of a person.,,A．bring up B．bring about,,C．bring forward D．bring out,,解析：考查動詞短語。句意：幾乎所有的教育家都相信，一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的形式能夠充分反映出一個人的最正確品質(zhì)。bring out“顯示出來，(使)表現(xiàn)出來〞，符合句意。bring up“教育；培養(yǎng)〞；bring about“導致；引起〞；brin

49、g forward“提出〞。,,答案：D,1．Where there is a river，there is a city.,,凡有河流的地方，必有城市。,,(1)where 引導狀語從句，表示“在……地方〞，此句中where,,含有條件意味。,,①Where there is a will，there is a way.,,有志者事竟成。,(2)where還可以引導其他地點狀語從句，相當于in/to the,,place where。,,②Sit where I can see you.,,坐在我能看到你的地方。,,③The chairman called on the youths to

50、go where they were needed.,,主席號召青年人到需要他們的地方去。,2．We will not let our history and culture be destroyed，,,and we will do_everything_we_can_to save our city!,,我們不會讓我們的歷史和文化被毀壞，我們要竭盡全力來拯救我們的城市！,,句中do everything we can to save our city意為“竭盡全力來拯救我們的城市〞，can后省略了與前面重復的動詞do，不定式在句子中表目的。類似句型還有：,do what(ever) one

51、 can to do sth.,,do everything one can to do sth.,,do all (that) one can to do sth,竭盡全力做某事,do/try one's best to do sth.,,make an/every/one's effort to do sth.,,spare no effort to do sth.,努力做某事,①Why not do whatever you can to get what you have been dreaming of?,,為什么不竭盡全力去獲得你一直夢想得到的東西呢？,,②We have done

52、 everything we can to make the meeting more successful.我們已竭盡全力確保這次會議更加成功。,,③To satisfy my boss，I have to,,,,something pleasant.為了讓老板滿意，我總是好話說盡。,,④I will do all I can to make your stay here more comfortable.我將竭盡全力讓你在這里住得更舒服些。,make every effort to say,1．The doctors did ________ the patient，but failed.

53、,,A．a(chǎn)ll they could to save B．a(chǎn)ll what they could to save,,C．a(chǎn)ll that they could save D．what they could save,,解析：“醫(yī)生竭盡全力地搶救病人〞的常見表達：The doctors did all they could to save the patient或者The doctors did what they could to save the patient。不定式作目的狀語。,,答案：A,2．If you are traveling________the customs ar

54、e really,,foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.,,A．in which B．what,,C．when D．where,,解析：句意：如果你在一個風俗不同的地方旅行的話，請入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。根據(jù)句意，句中需要一個地點狀語，而in which只有在定語從句中的某些情況下才可以與where互換。,,答案：D,3．The ever-lasting book is said ________ into dozens of,,languages in the last decade.,,A．to have been translate

55、d B．to be translated,,C．to translate D．to have translated,,解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：據(jù)說這部不朽名著在過去10年中已經(jīng)被翻譯成數(shù)十種文字。translate這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，而且該動作與本句的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以應用完成時的被動式。,,答案：A,4．He won the first prize in the English speech contest，,,________.,,A．happy and relaxedly B．happy and relaxed,,C．happily and relaxedly D．happily and relaxed,,解析：考查形容詞(短語)作狀語。此題用形容詞(短語)而不是副詞作狀語，補充說明主語的狀態(tài)。,,答案：B,