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1、2022年上海電力大學(xué)自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析） 第1題【單項選擇題】 【I閱讀選擇】Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist

2、movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest — birds, trees, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never

3、 be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.In "All that's nee

4、ded to become one... (paragraph 2) 7 what does the word "one" stands for ? A、a citizen journalist B> a citizen scientist C、a scientist D、a citizen 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】one不僅是數(shù)詞也是代詞；代詞指代的名詞或句子一般出現(xiàn)在代詞 的前一句，要注意區(qū)分代詞單、復(fù)數(shù)。 第2題【單項選擇題】 [2008.04] Anxiety can with children's performance at school. A、refer

5、【正確答案】D 【答案解析】第一句總述了科學(xué)和技術(shù)是有差異的。缺空后是對兩者的分述，因 此缺空處也應(yīng)是對兩者的分述，應(yīng)選D。 第21題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀判斷】Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket （板球）.Q: Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket. A、True B、False C、Not Give

6、n 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】答案選A。此題對應(yīng)的語句為:the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket,因此是正確的。 第22題【單項選擇題】 [2007.04] The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably. A、distribution B、contribution C、prescription D、circulation 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。circulation

7、：（書報雜志的）銷售量，發(fā)行額, 銷路。符合句意。 第23題【單項選擇題】Knowing how to protect yourself against identity theft is the first thing you for yourself. 10 A、need done B、need doing C> need to doing D、need to do【正確答案】D 【答案解析】need作實意動詞時，后面跟動詞表示主動用need to do,答案選D。 第24題【單項選擇題】 [2009.10] You'd better leave things if yo

8、u don't know how to deal withthem. A、off B、out C、alone D、 over 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】【譯文】如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊。 【試題分析】此題考查詞意區(qū)分。【詳細解答】A離開，離去 B不在里 面，出局 C單獨的（地） D完結(jié)，翻倒，越過第25題【單項選擇題】 —Do you need a ride?—No, thanks. I walking. A、prefer B、want C、used to D、take 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】相比擬來說,更喜歡做某事用prefer,

9、其結(jié)構(gòu)為prefer sth. to sth. 或者 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.o11 第26題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass. A piece of lodestone （天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle （長 柄勺）. Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would m

10、ove round until the "handle" of the ladle pointed south while the bulk （主體）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This interestingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important

11、 role in the invention of the "ladle". They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would take a "ladle" with them.When did the Chinese invent the compass? A、In 1492. B、 In the thirteen century A.D. C、In A.D. 80. D、At least 2000 years ago. 【正確答案】D 【答案解

12、析】本段中 Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass.直接告訴我們中國創(chuàng)造指南針的時間。 第27題【單項選擇題】 [2010.04] The spokesman occasionally his speech with gestures. A、acknowledges B、accompanies C> attributes D、anticipates 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查詞匯?！咀g文】這位發(fā)言人講演中偶爾伴有手勢。 第28題【單項選擇題】12 [200

13、9.[10] he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查狀語從句的附屬連詞。【譯文】盡管（雖然）他有許多朋 友，但他常常感到孤獨。 第29題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of Lond

14、on's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions

15、? A、 Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work. B、More jobs will be created by the union. C、More people will be employed than necessary. D、The unions w川 try to increase productivity. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】本段開頭告訴讀者“...there are more men than are needed...when two unions quarrel over thre

16、e jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two”,接 下來作者又進一步說明其實質(zhì)，即它意味著"33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained"。 第30題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionall

17、y we are rhythmical, too, for13 psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental asp

18、ect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary workwhether poetry or prose.According to the passage, which of the followingpairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm? A、Studying a science book and then studying a psychology book B、Learning a poem and then taking a nap C、Playi

19、ng ball at the beach and then going swimming D、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】段落的結(jié)尾處講到：在腦力活動方面，我們也同樣是有節(jié)奏的，因 為我們在高度集中精力一段時間以后，必須讓腦子有一個松弛的階段("we must have periods of relaxation following periods of concentration") o I艮據(jù)這個信息，A、 D項內(nèi)容都是高度集中的腦力活動，與原文內(nèi)容恰好相反；B項內(nèi)

20、容是學(xué)習詩歌 與小睡一會，正好符合原文，一張一弛。而C項內(nèi)容又全是不費腦力的活動，也 不符合原文。 第31題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. . Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the

21、other slow. A、It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals. B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord (脊 髓)to the brain, and back down again. C、The first message is the warning signal. D、The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second

22、. 【正確答案】B14 【答案解析】第一句講的是疼痛的感覺是由兩種信號signals組成的，所以緊接 著就提到兩種信號的傳播路線。B項恰恰照應(yīng)了首句意思。 第32題【單項選擇題】 [2007.04] The book fair has received a positive from readers. A、result B、 response C、settlement D、solution 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。response：反映，反響。result：結(jié)果，后果。 settlement：殖民,移民，定居。solution：解決;解答。根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)

23、該選response□ a positive response： 良好的反映。 第33題【單項選擇題】 [2007.04] It is difficult to the implication between the lines. A、get to B> get with C、get at D、get down 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查詞組辨析。A.開始，接觸；C.找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.下來, 寫下來。 第34題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] If payment is not received, legal action will be our only A、

24、aggression B、advantage15 C、alternative D、ambition 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查詞義選擇。譯文：如果我們收不到付款，那就只好訴諸法 律了。A挑釁、侵犯；B優(yōu)勢、優(yōu)點；C選擇、取舍；D野心、抱負。 第35題【單項選擇題】Rather than on a crowed bus, he always prefers a bicycle. A、ride； ride B、riding； ride C、ride； to ride D、to ride； riding 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查prefer后跟動詞不定式

25、的用法。prefer表示“寧愿做A事 也不愿做B事”時，有兩種表達形式，即prefer doing A to dong B和prefer to do A rather than do B。例如：I prefer reading to watching TV.（我寧愿看書而不愿看電 視）?；蛘弑磉_為 I prefer to read rather than watch TV。此題把 rather than 放在 句首，句子意思沒變，因此C為正確選項。另外還可說prefer sb. to do sth.（寧 愿某人做某事），prefer sth.to sth.（寧愿某事而不愿某事）。 第36題【

26、單項選擇題】 [2008.10] It took a few seconds for her eyes to to the darkness. A、allocate B、 adopt C、apply D、adjust 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查動詞詞義辨析。【譯文】她花了幾秒鐘時間使眼睛適應(yīng)黑暗?！驹敿毥獯稹緼分配，撥出 B收養(yǎng)，過繼 C應(yīng)用，申請 D調(diào) 16 整，使適合第37題【單項選擇題】 [2008.10] Never before so rapidly developing as it is today. A、has our country been

27、B、has been our country C、our country has been D、our country been has 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查語法。【譯文】我們國家從未像現(xiàn)在這樣高速開展?！驹敿?解答】否認詞never■在句首，該句子應(yīng)采用局部倒裝。 第38題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and contin

28、uous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?A great many people go on a diet to. A、keep fit B、have a body shape that all people will admire C、prolong lif

29、e span D、get ride of digestive system diseases 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】本段文字指出，很多人為了到達當前流行的體型(reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape)而不惜通過節(jié)食等方法減肥。因此選擇B。 第39題【單項選擇題】 [2008.04] The farming methods have been improved with the invention ofthe new machine. 17 A、efficiently B、proficiently C

30、、professionally D、intentionally 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查副詞詞義辨析。句子翻譯為：由于新機器的創(chuàng)造，人們已 經(jīng)高效率地改進了農(nóng)業(yè)耕種方法。A高效率地B熟練地 C職業(yè)地、專職地 D故意地、有意地。 第40題【單項選擇題】 [2009.10] You'd better leave things if you don't know how to deal withthem. A、off B、out C、alone D、 over 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】【譯文】如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊。 【試題分析】此

31、題考查詞意區(qū)分?！驹敿毥獯稹緼離開，離去 B不在里 面，出局 C單獨的（地） D完結(jié)，翻倒，越過第41題【單項選擇題】 [2009.10] The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard. A、calculate B、demonstrate C、speculate D、motivate 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查詞語辨析?！咀g文】利潤共享計劃目的是激發(fā)員工努力工18 作。A計算、估算B證實、論證、演示 C思索、推測 D激勵、激發(fā)第42題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀判斷】People living

32、north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.Q: Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black column

33、of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater. A、True B、False C、Not Given 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】答案選B。該題說的是：飛行員飛行的高度超過2100米時，看見一 個黑色的火山灰和蒸汽從火山口急速上升到空氣中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters

34、 into the sky.說的是靠近火山的地方出現(xiàn)了 一個黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空氣中，其高度超過2100米。因此該命題是錯 誤的。 第43題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] Tom has done really amazed everyone in his class. A、What B、Which C> That D、Who 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：湯姆所做的事情使得他 班里的每個同學(xué)都感到吃驚。詳細解答：what Tom has done指湯姆所做的事情； B哪一個；C （無詞義）；D誰。 19 B、 prefer C

35、> infer D、interfere 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查詞語辨析。句子翻譯為：焦慮可以阻礙孩子們在學(xué)校的表 現(xiàn)。A . refer to 提到、查閱、涉及；B. prefer to 更喜歡；C. infer from （根 據(jù)某事）推斷、推定；D. interfere with擾亂、阻礙。 第3題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.. Many of the isla

36、nds were formed by the eruption （爆發(fā)）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean. A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. B、What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? C> They're like a

37、long necklace that stretches between North and South America. D、 But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】第一句話說的是：加勒比群島形成了一個鎖鏈，把加勒比海與大西 洋的其他局部分開。答案是C,因為它的第一個詞是"They",該詞指"The Caribbean Islands"；而且在語義上也有很好的銜接。 第4題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】For any given task in Britain there are

38、more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of London's biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than

39、could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions? 第44題【單項選擇題】 【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often conce

40、rned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still o代en found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is. A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in Literature B、Origins of Science Fiction C、The Theme of Science Fiction D、Science Fiction Has a Short

41、History 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】從第一段話可以看出這段文字介紹了科普小說的起源。因此選擇Bo第45題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] When you know Bob better, you will like him. A、go to B、got to C、went to D、get to 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】譯文：當你更加了解鮑勃時，你將會喜歡他的。試題分析：此題考 查主將從現(xiàn)?；卦敿毥獯穑焊鶕?jù)主將從現(xiàn)的原那么，主句用了一般將來時，時間狀 語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 第46題【單項選擇題】 [概括大意]Our bodies are esti

42、mated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to20 regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients （滋養(yǎng)）to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and

43、 protects our joints and organs.The main idea of this paragraph is. A、Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B、Importance of Water C、Water in Our Body D、The Function of Water 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】通過介紹水在我們身體里的含量、水存在身體的那些部位及水的一 些功能來證明水的重要性。因此選擇Bo第47題【單項選擇題】 [2008.04] It has been found that a strong help overc

44、ome the effects of distraction. A、interruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分。A.打攪、中；斷 B.動機、誘因；C. 評估、評價；D.目的地、終點。整句話的意思是：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個很強的動機 可以幫助克服干擾物的影響。 第48題【單項選擇題】 【I閱讀選擇】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the

45、 total earned income of all the factors of production —namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP because the factors of21 pr

46、oduction do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise ta

47、xes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is true according to the paragraph?

48、 A、GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes. B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes. C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid. D、 The money that goes for capital consum

49、ption is not regarded as income. 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題的依據(jù)是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.這個句子。對原句的詞語選項 D 用了別的表達方法，但大意仍保持不變。 第49題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. , This makes breathing more

50、 difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. A、If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. B、Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures. C、 Body language differs from culture

51、 to culture. D、If you are at interviews, try to keep them still. 22 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】本段講的是身體姿勢。填充句后一個句子提到“this〃會使呼吸更加 困難，this顯然指的是一種不太好的身體姿勢，因此此題答案為A。 第50題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think tha

52、t these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker's health.. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic （有毒的） chemicals in their bodies. A、The Gilsons have been married for 35 years. B、Recently, though, scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nons

53、mokers. C、We cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants. D、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】前一句講的是科學(xué)家們過去對二手煙的看法，接下來應(yīng)選表示他們 改變觀點的句子，因為下一句說明他們所持的觀點已與過去截然不同。 第51題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】One day a friend asked my wife J

54、ill if I wanted a hearing aid. "He certainly does," replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if I'd ever thought about getting a hearing aid. "No way," I said. "It would make me look 20 years older." "No, no," she replied. "This is entirely

55、different. It's Crystal Ear!"lnitially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because. A、 it would make him look old. B、 it would make him nervous. C、it was too expensive. 23 D、it was old-styled. 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】當被妻子問及是否愿意得到一個助聽器時，作者因為擔憂顯得老氣 而拒絕。所以答案是A°第52題【單項選擇題】 【2009.7 ] The wounded s

56、oldiers would recover quickly if they were well. A、nourished B、stuffed C、tamed D、ventured 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查過去分詞意義區(qū)分。譯文：如果受傷的戰(zhàn)士營養(yǎng)很好，他 們就會很快痊愈。A營養(yǎng)，滋養(yǎng)；B填滿，塞滿；C馴服（猛獸）；D冒險第53題【單項選擇題】 [2007.04] The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably. A、distribution B、contrib

57、ution C、prescription D、circulation 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。circulation：（書報雜志的）銷售量，發(fā)行額, 銷路。符合句意。 第54題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] It is not decided the conference will be held. 24 A、what B、which C、when D、that 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：大會什么時候召開還沒 有決定。詳細解答：A什么；B哪一個；C什么時候；D （無詞義）。 第55題【單項選擇題】[2

58、009.7 ] The wounded soldiers would recover quickly if they were well. A、nourished B、stuffed C、tamed D、ventured 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】【譯文】如果受傷的戰(zhàn)士營養(yǎng)很好，他們就會很快痊愈?！驹囶}分析】 過去分詞意義區(qū)分題?！驹敿毥獯稹緼營養(yǎng)，滋養(yǎng)；B填滿，塞滿；C馴服（猛 獸）；D冒險第56題【單項選擇題】 【I閱讀選擇】The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. Whi

59、le the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment

60、 when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. The word "allegiance" is closest in meaning to. A、loyalty B、objective25 C、survival D^ motive 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】解此題可用同類詞關(guān)系進行判斷。在"allegiance〃前后的兩個詞分別 是commitment和sacrifice,應(yīng)能判斷出這三

61、個詞相對于國家而言是同一類詞， 再利用排除法，不難選出正確答案A。 第57題【單項選擇題】 [2009.7 ] An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively D、responsibly 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查副詞意義區(qū)分?！咀g文】如果一個員工做工作總是認真負 責，他就是完全可信賴的?！驹敿毥獯稹緼親自地；B幾乎不；C個別地；D可靠第58題【單項選擇題】 【2009.01 ] You should help

62、 them when your friends quarrel with each other. A、come into sight B、come to terms C、come into play D、come to power 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查短語的習慣用法。句意：當你的朋友吵架時，你應(yīng)當幫助 他們協(xié)調(diào)一下。come into或come to都表示進入（某種狀態(tài)）。A映入眼簾； B.達成協(xié)議，妥協(xié)；C開始運作；D.上臺，開始掌權(quán)。 26 第59題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] The conclusion from the study is not

63、 definite; it is just. A、tentative B、valid C> technical D、 thorough 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】譯文：這項研究的結(jié)論不是一定的；它只是試探性的。試題分析: 形容詞詞義選擇題。詳細解答：A不確定的、試探性的；B正當?shù)?、有根?jù)的、 有效的；C技術(shù)性的、專門技術(shù)的；D徹底的、十足的。 第60題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say "Hi" when they meet

64、; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward anot

65、her person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving that differs from country to country.The topic sentence of this paragraph is. A、 Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. B、Many Am

66、erican men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. C> The way of behaving that differs from country to country. D、In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】文章的最后一句話是對前面的一個總結(jié)，道出了本段的主題。因此 選擇C。 27 第61題【單項選擇題】 【概括大意】If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your spirits. You do not need anything so radical as winning a lottery （彩票）to finance a trip to Europe. A st