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1、2022年東北石油大學(xué)自考英語（二）練習(xí)題 匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】 Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working A、to take tin

2、y chips we require B、to making chips any smaller C、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds D、of conducting electricity 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】這局部所說的體積的減小和所需時間的縮短恰好與前半句中提到的 冰箱大小的體積和所需數(shù)分鐘的時間形成了比照。即：目前它大約像冰箱那么大， 而且要用幾分鐘掃描一個電路，但是他們正在努力使它縮小到臺式計算機那么大, 把掃描時間縮短到30秒

3、。 第2題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀判斷】The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Q: Rescue vehicles had

4、a hard time getting to people. A、True B、False C、Not Given 【填句補文】There is a difference between science and technology.. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relat

5、ionships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science. A、Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each. B、 We are all familiar with the improper use of technology. C、Unlike science, progress in technolog

6、y must be measured in terms of the human factor. D、Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】第一句總述了科學(xué)和技術(shù)是有差異的。缺空后是對兩者的分述，因 此缺空處也應(yīng)是對兩者的分述，應(yīng)選D。 第19題【單項選擇題】 [2009.01 ] If you try to learn too many things at a time, y

7、ou may get. A、concentrated C、 confused C、confirmed D、convinced 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查形近形容詞意義區(qū)分。句意：如果你試圖一次學(xué)太多東西， 你就有可能糊涂了。A.濃縮的，專心的；B糊涂的，混淆的；C根深蒂固的；D 確信的。 第20題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been10 declining ever since. This is partly because, British

8、wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because. A、too much energy B、based on American desig

9、ns C、they are too costly D、they are not reliable 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】本段第二句就是講的兩個原因，即人們的工資水平太低，也就是沒 有能力使機器人發(fā)揮出創(chuàng)造財富的作用，言下之意就是本錢高。第二個原因就是 人們逐漸意識到了操縱機器人不是件容易的事情，所以使用率就下降了。所以應(yīng) 該選C。 第21題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience

10、 （偽科學(xué)）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagan's opinion, Velikovsky might be.

11、 A、a member of the National Academy of Science B、a pseudo-scientist C、a science populariser D、a reporter 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】從這段文字中，我們可以了解到作者認為，Sagan與偽科學(xué)作斗爭 的一個實例就是Sagan摧毀了 Velikovsky的錯誤論述，即Velikovsky提出，在過 去幾千年中，水星與地球和火星反復(fù)屢次相撞，這在圣經(jīng)中有加載。 11 第22題【單項選擇題】 [2009.01 ] If you try to learn too many things

12、 at a time, you may get. A、concentrated B、confused C、confirmed D、convinced 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查形近形容詞意義區(qū)分。句意：如果你試圖一次學(xué)太多東西， 你就有可能糊涂了。A .濃縮的，專心的；B糊涂的，混淆的；C根深蒂固的；D 確信的。 第23題【單項選擇題】 [2010.04] By the end of next year the bridge. A、is to complete B、has been completed C> will be completed D、will h

13、ave been completed 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】【譯文】到明年年底之前，這座橋修建將完成。【試題分析】此題 考查語法。【詳細解答】動詞時態(tài)。by the end of到……時為止；在……之前。將來 完成時態(tài)，用于表達在將來某時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。 第24題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive cha

14、rges （正電荷） build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged （負電荷的）.In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground's surfaces, making it12 become positively charged. The positive c

15、harge on the ground gathers at elevated pointsdn most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the ground/s surface. A、is positively charged B、is shifted sideways by strong winds C、is negative charged D、is changed from positively charge to negative charge 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】本段文字解釋了云層與地面之間的閃電的成因，云層下部帶負電荷

16、, 排斥地面表層的負電荷，所以地面表層聚集的是正電荷。答案為A。 第25題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆發(fā)）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the

17、 ocean. A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical climate and great natural beauty. B、What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? D、 They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. E、 But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.

18、【正確答案】c 【答案解析】第一句話說的是：加勒比群島形成了一個鎖鏈，把加勒比海與大西 洋的其他局部分開。答案是C,因為它的第一個詞是"They"，該詞指"The Caribbean Islands"；而且在語義上也有很好的銜接。 第26題【單項選擇題】 【2009.7 ] An employee has perfect reliability if he always does his work. A、personally B、scarcely C、respectively13 D、responsibly 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】【譯文】如果一個員工做工作總是認真負責(zé)，

19、他就是完全可信賴的。 【試題分析】副詞意義區(qū)分題。【詳細解答】A親自地;B幾乎不;C個別地;D可 靠地第27題【單項選擇題】 [2008.10] It is strongly held that new must be introduced to protect theright of the immigrants. A、statistics B、constructions C、measures D、concessions 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分?！咀g文】強烈支持采取新措施維護移民的 權(quán)力。【詳細解答】A統(tǒng)計學(xué) B建設(shè) C措施，方法 D讓步，特許 權(quán)第

20、28題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀判斷】Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion （擁 擠）,gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.Q: Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high. A、True B、False C、Not Given 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】答案選A。問題句說“愛爾蘭的生活費

21、用高〃。該段說“盡管氣候惡劣， 健康機構(gòu)混亂，交通擁擠，性別歧視仍然存在，生活費用高，愛爾蘭所獲得的分 數(shù)仍然給人留下了深刻的印象：總分值為十分，愛爾蘭獲得了 8.33分〃。根據(jù)這個14 句子的內(nèi)容可以知道“愛爾蘭的生活費用高〃，因此問題句的說法與原文的說法一 致。 第29題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was ve

22、ry old, and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements to see his father, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and Nulled all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and tak

23、e care things. When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young man arrived home, he felt. A、sad B、disappointed C、horrible D、nervous 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】答案選A。事實細節(jié)題。年輕人回到家里，出現(xiàn)了兩個關(guān)鍵詞sadness 和regret,可以判斷年輕人的心情是非常傷心的。應(yīng)選A。 第30題【單項選擇題】 [2009.01] Children h

24、ave a natural about the world around them. A、certainty B、capability C、cleverness D、curiosity 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】句意：孩子們對他們周圍的事物有著天然的好奇心。考查名詞詞義 選擇。A確定性，肯定的事；B能力，才能；C精明，聰穎；D好奇心，求知15 欲。 第31題【單項選擇題】 【2009.01 ] He has deep love for the people and loyalty to the country. A、intense B、initial C、instan

25、t D、imitative 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查形容詞詞義區(qū)分。A強烈的，極度的；B最初的，開始 的；C立即的，即時的；D模仿的，仿效的。形容loyalty,選A比擬恰當。 第32題【單項選擇題】 [2008.10] It took a few seconds for her eyes to to the darkness. A、allocate B、 adopt C、apply D> adjust 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查動詞詞義辨析。【譯文】她花了幾秒鐘時間使眼睛適應(yīng)黑 暗?！驹敿毥獯稹緼分配，撥出 B收養(yǎng)，過繼 C應(yīng)用，申請 D調(diào) 整，使

26、適合第33題【單項選擇題】 【概括大意】Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environme

27、nt both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their 16school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.The main idea of this paragraph is. A、Main Resu

28、lts of Recent Researches B、Popular Doubt about the New View C、Effect of Environment on Intelligence D、Impact on School Education 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】本段提出了一個新的對智力的認識，與過去一些年的傳統(tǒng)的把智力 看做是一種不變的能力的這種理解不同，它主張智力和人的成長環(huán)境有關(guān)。因此 選擇Co第34題【單項選擇題】 [2009.01] He insured his car he had an accident. A、unless B、if C、s

29、ince D、in case 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查連詞詞義區(qū)分。句意：他給自己的汽車投了保，以防萬一 遇到交通事故。A否那么，要不然；B如果；C自從，由于；D以防萬一，以免。 第35題【單項選擇題】 [2007.04] Because of the bad weather, the sports meet had to be. A、shut down B> done away C> gone off D、called off 【正確答案】D17 【答案解析】此題考查詞義辨析。call off：取消，符合句意。shut down：關(guān)閉（工 廠）；（工廠）停工

30、，關(guān)閉。do away常與with搭配，構(gòu)成do away with。go off： 爆炸，（鬧鈴）響。 第36題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】''Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what's going on with the elements/ says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge. A、An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table （元素周期表）to make chemistry simpler to teach

31、 to students. B、 The traditional periodic table was well drawn. C、“I imagine contour lines would be good for undergraduates/ D、But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】這一段是劍橋大學(xué)的Albert Galy的原話，我們可以從引導(dǎo)整個關(guān)鍵 點得出答案。即："地學(xué)化學(xué)家們只想通過直

32、覺判斷元素的活動。我想等高線對 學(xué)生們有好處第37題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】The acid rain （酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the

33、problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.. A、 The problem, however, is not just a European one. B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs

34、to spend what money it has on the Mexican people. 18 D、 Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】前文提到完成這項工作需要很多的錢，答案轉(zhuǎn)折說到了墨西哥沒有 這么多的錢去做。兩句之間有隱含的邏輯關(guān)系。 第38題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀判斷】One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls

35、 over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse.Q: When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. A、True B、False C、Not Given 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】答案選Bo題中說鼠標臟了，就得換用新的。這一說法與原文不符。 原文說的是鼠標臟了，可以擦干凈再用。it has to be replaced with a new one與 you h

36、ave to clean your mouse 不符。所以選 B。 第39題【單項選擇題】 [2008.04] That proposal is essentially irrelevant the issue at hand. A、with B、from C、in D> to 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查介詞的固定搭配。句子翻譯：那個提案與手頭上的問題根 本無關(guān)。irrelevant to表示：與…無關(guān)。 第40題【單項選擇題】19 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】答案選A。此題的意思是：救援車輛費了很大勁才把人救出來。此 句的意思在最后一句提到了，應(yīng)選A。 第3

37、題【單項選擇題】 [2008.04] That proposal is essentially irrelevant the issue at hand. A、with B、from C、in D、to 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查介詞的固定搭配。句子翻譯：那個提案與手頭上的問題根 本無關(guān)。irrelevant to表示：與…無關(guān)。 第4題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would

38、make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?AII of the following are possible effects living longe

39、r might have on working life EXCEPT. A、 Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult. B、 More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees. C、The job market would be more competitive. D、 It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top

40、positions. 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】是非判斷題。對照原文第九自然段On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs.排除選項 C； It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.排除選項 D； And how easily2 【I閱讀半U斷】Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again

41、 and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens （歌女）.But no one knew where the garden was.Q: Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him. A、Tru

42、e B、False C、Not Given 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】答案選A。句子的意思是：國王想除掉Hercules,所以交給他很多 艱巨的工作去做。這個信息在短文第二句和第三句中提到了，與短文的意思相符 （國王很害怕Hercules,屢次交給他艱巨的工作去做），由此可以推斷此題的正確 選項為Ao第41題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] Don't trust everything you have read in the newspapers. A、which B、 that C、as D、what 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】此題考查定語從句。譯文：不要相信你

43、在報紙上讀到的每件事。定 語從句所修飾的先行詞是不定代詞everything,應(yīng)選B。 第42題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher's model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small—so tiny you

44、can only see them with a powerful microscope. Which of the following is true of20 Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6? A、It is made of metal. B、 It is a kind of watch battery. C、 It can only be seen with a microscope. D、 It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it. 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】做題步驟：

45、四個選項逐一帶到原文，找到三個錯誤選項，一個正確選項，比NOT TRUE題難。 第43題【單項選擇題】 [I聞讀選擇】Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want. Cathy, a mother told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so our kitchen is like a sandwich b

46、ar in the morning." However, another mother, Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches//Which of the followin

47、g is TRUE according to the passage? A、 Katz thinks chips are good for his kids. B> Susan's daughter likes eating sandwiches. C、Cathy may have at least three children. D、 Jamie likes burgers and pizzas. 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】答案選Co細節(jié)查找并簡單推斷題。從本段，特別是I make 3 packed lunches every morning…可知Cathy有三個孩子在上學(xué)，有

48、沒有不上學(xué)的孩子不得 而知，應(yīng)選項C為最正確選項。其他三項均與原文意思不符。 第44題【單項選擇題】[2009.04] It is not decided [2009.04] It is not decided the conference will be held. 21 A、what B、which C、when D、that 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】此題考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。譯文：大會什么時候召開還沒 有決定。詳細解答：A什么；B哪一個；C什么時候；D （無詞義）。 第45題【單項選擇題】 【填句補文】Doctors believe that

49、 secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people/s cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.

50、 A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. B、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. C、 This smoke is called secondhand smoke. D、No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. 【正確答案

51、】c 【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸煙者時常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應(yīng)首 選對此煙加以定義的句子。 第46題【單項選擇題】 [2010.04] What her grandfather said left a impression on her mind. She stillremembers it. A、final B、 vague22 C、 deep D、main 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】譯文：她爺爺說的事情給她留下深刻的印象，她仍然還記得。此題 考查詞匯。形容詞意義區(qū)分題。final最終的，vague模糊的，deep深的，main 主要的。 第47題【單項選擇

52、題】 【概括大意】Two major findings have emerged from these researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly, he mo

53、st important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of thei

54、r perceptual experiences.The main idea of this paragraph is. A、Two Major Changed View of Intelligence B、Many of the differences in measured intelligence C、Main Results of Recent Researches D、Impact on School Education 【正確答案】c 【答案解析】本段文字的第一句話就把其內(nèi)容點的很清楚，要介紹的是：Two major findings have emerged from

55、 these researches.而選項 C 中的 Main Results 只不 過是major findings的另一種說法而已。 第48題【單項選擇題】 【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each23 sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually for

56、ming a roof over the top. By summer's end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can. A、seed lots of sunflowers B、play games in the sunflower house C、include plants with animal names D、find their own playing section 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出處，By summer's end"夏

57、天結(jié)束的時候"實 際上就是When autumn comes”秋天來臨的時候〃。答案選擇B。 第49題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】I don't claim there isn't a force which guides us, which takes care of us, but the main element that helps us build up our future is our way of being. Our personality, our character, our way of perceiving （感知）reality and everything t

58、hat surrounds us are the elements which may bring us to the top, or on the contrary, make us miserable. The author thinks that our future is decided mainly by. A、a superior force like God B、our way of being, such as our character C、things and persons that surround us D、others' choice and respons

59、ibility 【正確答案】B 【答案解析】答案選B。雖然作者也聲明自己并不否認世界上存在任何一種具有 超自然力量的東西，但是根據(jù)文章本段的…but the main element that helps us build up our future is our way of being可知，作者認為影響我們未來的最主要的因 素還是我們自己的所作所為，答案為B項。 第50題【單項選擇題】 [2009.10] The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard. 24 A、calculate B、demons

60、trate C、speculate D、motivate 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查詞語辨析。【譯文】利潤共享計劃目的是激發(fā)員工努力工 作。A計算、估算B證實、論證、演示 C思索、推測 D激勵、激發(fā)第51題【單項選擇題】 The furniture in her bedroom is quite different from in the living room. A、that B、it C、one D、which 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】此題考查對代詞的掌握。that在本句中指代the furniture,目的是 為了防止重復(fù)。which用于引導(dǎo)句子或短語

61、，在此也不能指代the furniture。 第52題【單項選擇題】 【閱讀選擇】Helping the planet is a big part of what our world trip is all about and that/s exactly what we did this past week. We helped get a hydroponics farm started in a local village. This farm will be a model for the local villagers so they can start their very o

62、wn self sustaining farm. Hydroponics is a type of farming that uses a third of the water needed in an average farm and uses no soil. A hydroponics farm A、is difficult to build B、is a type of farm without soil C、will cost lots of money D、was started in the village before they came25 【正確答案】B 【答案

63、解析】答案選B。詞義理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hydroponics farm迅速鎖定本 段。再通過排除法可以判定B項是正確的。因為A和C表述的內(nèi)容文章并沒有 提到過。D項表述是錯誤的，因為那個村莊在他們?nèi)ブ安]有這種hydroponics farmo是他們到了之后，幫助建立了一個模型。 第53題【單項選擇題】 [2007.04] If the operation carefully prepared, it would not have beensuccessful. A、was not B、has not been C、had not been D、were not 【正確答案】c

64、 【答案解析】此題考查虛擬語氣。主句是對過去的虛擬，所以根據(jù)句意，條件狀 語從句也應(yīng)該是對過去的虛擬，所以用had done的形式。句意：如果手術(shù)沒有 經(jīng)過認真仔細的準備，它就不會成功。 第54題【單項選擇題】 [閱讀選擇]It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is oft

65、en the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a. m. one week, 8 am to 4pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time i

66、s spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.ln the last sentence of the paragraph, /zanother,/ means. A、another routine B、another shift26 C、another week D^ another person 【正確答案】A 【答案解析】another （另一個）之后省略了 routine 一詞。 第55題【單項選擇題】 【2009.7] The house was quiet in the night,the occasional coughing from my throat. A、as for B、such as C、instead of D、except for 【正確答案】D 【答案解析】此題考查短語意義區(qū)分。譯文：除了偶爾我咳嗽一下以外，這所房 子在夜晚非常安靜。A至于，關(guān)于；B例如；C代替，而不是；D除了……以第56題【單項選擇題】 [2009.04] This is the first ti